A large light-mass component of cosmic rays at 1017–1017.5 electronvolts from radio observations

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Buitink, S.Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium ; Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands (author)

A large light-mass component of cosmic rays at 1017–1017.5 electronvolts from radio observations

Article/chapterEnglish2016

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2016-03-02
Springer Science and Business Media LLC,2016
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LIBRIS-ID:oai:DiVA.org:lnu-51518
https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-51518URI
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16976DOI
https://research.chalmers.se/publication/233637URI

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Language:English
Summary in:English

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Subject category:ref swepub-contenttype
Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype

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Corrigendum: Buitink et al. (2016) A large light-mass component of cosmic rays at 1017–1017.5 electronvolts from radio observations. Nature, 537: 572.DOI: 10.1038/nature18936
Cosmic rays are the highest-energy particles found in nature. Measurements of the mass composition of cosmic rays with energies of 1017–1018 electronvolts are essential to understanding whether they have galactic or extragalactic sources. It has also been proposed that the astrophysical neutrino signal1 comes from accelerators capable of producing cosmic rays of these energies2. Cosmic rays initiate air showers—cascades of secondary particles in the atmosphere—and their masses can be inferred from measurements of the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum3 (Xmax; the depth of the air shower when it contains the most particles) or of the composition of shower particles reaching the ground4. Current measurements5 have either high uncertainty, or a low duty cycle and a high energy threshold. Radio detection of cosmic rays6, 7, 8 is a rapidly developing technique9 for determining Xmax (refs 10, 11) with a duty cycle of, in principle, nearly 100 per cent. The radiation is generated by the separation of relativistic electrons and positrons in the geomagnetic field and a negative charge excess in the shower front6, 12. Here we report radio measurements of Xmax with a mean uncertainty of 16 grams per square centimetre for air showers initiated by cosmic rays with energies of 1017–1017.5 electronvolts. This high resolution in Xmax enables us to determine the mass spectrum of the cosmic rays: we find a mixed composition, with a light-mass fraction (protons and helium nuclei) of about 80 per cent. Unless, contrary to current expectations, the extragalactic component of cosmic rays contributes substantially to the total flux below 1017.5 electronvolts, our measurements indicate the existence of an additional galactic component, to account for the light composition that we measured in the 1017–1017.5 electronvolt range.

Subject headings and genre

NATURVETENSKAP Fysik Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi hsv//swe
NATURAL SCIENCES Physical Sciences Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology hsv//eng
NATURVETENSKAP Fysik hsv//swe
NATURAL SCIENCES Physical Sciences hsv//eng
High-energy astrophysics
Particle astrophysics
Astroparticle Physics
Astropartikelfysik

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Corstanje, A.Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands (author)
Falcke, H.Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands ; ASTRON, The Netherlands ; Science Park Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Germany (author)
Hörandel, J. R.Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands ; Science Park Amsterdam, The Netherlands (author)
Huege, T.Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany (author)
Nelles, A.University of California Irvine, USA (author)
Rachen, J. P.Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands (author)
Rossetto, L.Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands (author)
Schellart, P.Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands (author)
Scholten, O.University of Groningen, The Netherlands ; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium (author)
Ter Veen, S. (author)
Thoudam, SatyendraRadboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands(Swepub:lnu)sathaa (author)
Trinh, T. N. G. (author)
Anderson, J. (author)
Asgekar, A. (author)
Avruch, I. M. (author)
Bell, M. E. (author)
Bentum, M. J. (author)
Bernardi, G. (author)
Best, P. (author)
Bonafede, A. (author)
Breitling, F. (author)
Broderick, J. W. (author)
Brouw, W. N. (author)
Brüggen, M. (author)
Butcher, H. R. (author)
Carbone, D. (author)
Ciardi, B. (author)
Conway, John,1963Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)jconway (author)
de Gasperin, F. (author)
de Geus, E. (author)
Deller, A. (author)
Dettmar, R. -J (author)
van Diepen, G. (author)
Duscha, S. (author)
Eislöffel, J. (author)
Engels, D. (author)
Enriquez, J. E. (author)
Fallows, R. A. (author)
Fender, R. (author)
Ferrari, C. (author)
Frieswijk, W. (author)
Garrett, M. A. (author)
Grießmeier, J. M. (author)
Gunst, A. W. (author)
van Haarlem, M. P. (author)
Hassall, T. E. (author)
Heald, G. (author)
Hessels, J. W. T. (author)
Hoeft, M. (author)
Horneffer, A. (author)
Iacobelli, M. (author)
Intema, H. (author)
Juette, E. (author)
Karastergiou, A. (author)
Kondratiev, V. I. (author)
Kramer, M. (author)
Kuniyoshi, M. (author)
Kuper, G. (author)
van Leeuwen, J. (author)
Loose, G. M. (author)
Maat, P. (author)
Mann, G. (author)
Markoff, S. (author)
McFadden, R. (author)
McKay-Bukowski, D. (author)
McKean, J. P. (author)
Mevius, M. (author)
Mulcahy, D. D. (author)
Munk, H. (author)
Norden, M. J. (author)
Orru, E. (author)
Paas, H. (author)
Pandey-Pommier, M. (author)
Pandey, V. N. (author)
Pietka, M. (author)
Pizzo, R. (author)
Polatidis, A. G. (author)
Reich, W. (author)
Röttgering, H. J. A. (author)
Scaife, A. M. M. (author)
Schwarz, D. J. (author)
Serylak, M. (author)
Sluman, J. (author)
Smirnov, O. (author)
Stappers, B. W. (author)
Steinmetz, M. (author)
Stewart, A. (author)
Swinbank, J. (author)
Tagger, M. (author)
Tang, Y. (author)
Tasse, C. (author)
Toribio, M. C. (author)
Vermeulen, R. (author)
Vocks, C. (author)
Vogt, C. (author)
van Weeren, R. J. (author)
Wijers, R. A. M. J. (author)
Wijnholds, S. J. (author)
Wise, M. W. (author)
Wucknitz, O. (author)
Yatawatta, S. (author)
Zarka, P. (author)
Zensus, J. A. (author)
Kuniyoshi, N. (author)
Nuleahv, D. D. (author)
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium ; Radboud University Nijmegen, The NetherlandsRadboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands (creator_code:org_t)

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By the author/editor: Buitink, S.; Corstanje, A.; Falcke, H.; Hörandel, J. R.; Huege, T.; Nelles, A.; show more...; Rachen, J. P.; Rossetto, L.; Schellart, P.; Scholten, O.; Ter Veen, S.; Thoudam, Satyend ...; Trinh, T. N. G.; Anderson, J.; Asgekar, A.; Avruch, I. M.; Bell, M. E.; Bentum, M. J.; Bernardi, G.; Best, P.; Bonafede, A.; Breitling, F.; Broderick, J. W.; Brouw, W. N.; Brüggen, M.; Butcher, H. R.; Carbone, D.; Ciardi, B.; Conway, John, 19 ...; de Gasperin, F.; de Geus, E.; Deller, A.; Dettmar, R. -J; van Diepen, G.; Duscha, S.; Eislöffel, J.; Engels, D.; Enriquez, J. E.; Fallows, R. A.; Fender, R.; Ferrari, C.; Frieswijk, W.; Garrett, M. A.; Grießmeier, J. M ...; Gunst, A. W.; van Haarlem, M. ...; Hassall, T. E.; Heald, G.; Hessels, J. W. T ...; Hoeft, M.; Horneffer, A.; Iacobelli, M.; Intema, H.; Juette, E.; Karastergiou, A.; Kondratiev, V. I ...; Kramer, M.; Kuniyoshi, M.; Kuper, G.; van Leeuwen, J.; Loose, G. M.; Maat, P.; Mann, G.; Markoff, S.; McFadden, R.; McKay-Bukowski, ...; McKean, J. P.; Mevius, M.; Mulcahy, D. D.; Munk, H.; Norden, M. J.; Orru, E.; Paas, H.; Pandey-Pommier, ...; Pandey, V. N.; Pietka, M.; Pizzo, R.; Polatidis, A. G.; Reich, W.; Röttgering, H. J ...; Scaife, A. M. M.; Schwarz, D. J.; Serylak, M.; Sluman, J.; Smirnov, O.; Stappers, B. W.; Steinmetz, M.; Stewart, A.; Swinbank, J.; Tagger, M.; Tang, Y.; Tasse, C.; Toribio, M. C.; Vermeulen, R.; Vocks, C.; Vogt, C.; van Weeren, R. J ...; Wijers, R. A. M. ...; Wijnholds, S. J.; Wise, M. W.; Wucknitz, O.; Yatawatta, S.; Zarka, P.; Zensus, J. A.; Kuniyoshi, N.; Nuleahv, D. D.; show less...

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