Does personality moderate the efficacy of physical and cognitive training interventions? A 12-month randomized controlled trial in older adults

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Kekäläinen, TiiaGerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland (author)

Does personality moderate the efficacy of physical and cognitive training interventions? A 12-month randomized controlled trial in older adults

Article/chapterEnglish2023

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Elsevier,2023
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LIBRIS-ID:oai:DiVA.org:ltu-93842
https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-93842URI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111957DOI
https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-92507URI

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Language:English
Summary in:English

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Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype

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Validerad;2022;Nivå 2;2022-11-08 (hanlid);Funder: Ministry of Education and Culture, Finland (OKM/49/626/2017, OKM/72/626/2018, OKM/92/626/2019); Academy of Finland (296843, 323541); National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health (R01AG068093)
This study investigated whether personality traits moderate the effects of a 12-month physical or combined physical and cognitive training interventions on physical and cognitive functioning. Participants were community-dwelling 70–85-year-old adults (n = 314). They were randomly assigned to physical training (weekly supervised walking/balance and strength/balance training, home exercises 2–3×/wk and moderate aerobic activity) or to a physical and cognitive training group (the same physical training and computer training on executive functions 3–4×/wk). The outcomes assessed at baseline and post-intervention were physical (maximum gait speed, six-minute walking distance, dual-task cost on gait speed) and cognitive functioning (Stroop, Trail-Making Test-B, verbal fluency, CERAD total score). Personality traits (NEO-PI-3, n = 239) were assessed post-intervention. Personality traits did not moderate intervention effects on physical functioning. Higher openness was associated with greater improvement in CERAD scores, especially in the physical and cognitive training group (group×time×trait B = -0.08, p = .038). Lower neuroticism (time×trait B = -0.04, p = .021) and higher conscientiousness (time×trait B = 0.04, p = .027) were associated with greater improvement in CERAD scores in both groups. Personality traits had mostly null moderating effects across physical and cognitive outcomes, with the possible exception of CERAD score. Individuals with more adaptive personality traits gained more on global cognitive scores during a 12-month training intervention.

Subject headings and genre

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP Klinisk medicin Geriatrik hsv//swe
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES Clinical Medicine Geriatrics hsv//eng
MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP Hälsovetenskap Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi hsv//swe
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES Health Sciences Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology hsv//eng
MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP Hälsovetenskap Sjukgymnastik hsv//swe
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES Health Sciences Physiotherapy hsv//eng
Cognition
Executive functions
Memory
Personality traits
Physical activity
Engineering Psychology
Teknisk psykologi
Psykologi

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Terracciano, AntonioDepartment of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA,Florida State University, United States (author)
Tirkkonen, AnnaGerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland (author)
Savikangas, TiinaGerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland (author)
Hänninen, TuomoNeuroCenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (author)
Stigsdotter Neely, AnnaKarlstads universitet,Luleå tekniska universitet,Hälsa, medicin och rehabilitering,Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden,Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier (from 2013),Luleå University of Technology(Swepub:kau)annaneel (author)
Sipilä, SariannaGerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland (author)
Kokko, KatjaGerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland (author)
Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, FinlandDepartment of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA (creator_code:org_t)

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In:Personality and Individual Differences: Elsevier2020191-88691873-3549

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