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Translational Epidemiologic Approaches to Understanding the Consequences of Early-Life Exposures

D'Onofrio, Brian M. (author)
Karolinska Institutet
Class, Quetzal A. (author)
Karolinska Institutet
Rickert, Martin E. (author)
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA
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Sujan, Ayesha C. (author)
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA
Larsson, Henrik, 1975- (author)
Karolinska Institutet
Kuja-Halkola, Ralf (author)
Karolinska Institutet
Sjölander, Arvid (author)
Karolinska Institutet
Almqvist, Catarina (author)
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Lichtenstein, Paul (author)
Karolinska Institutet
Oberg, A. Sara (author)
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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 (creator_code:org_t)
2015-11-21
2016
English.
In: Behavior Genetics. - New York, USA : Springer. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 46:3, s. 315-328
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)
Abstract Subject headings
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  • Prominent developmental theories posit a causal link between early-life exposures and later functioning. Yet, observed associations with early exposures may not reflect causal effects because of genetic and environmental confounding. The current manuscript describes how a systematic series of epidemiologic analyses that combine several genetically-informative designs and statistical approaches can help distinguish between competing theories. In particular, the manuscript details how combining the use of measured covariates with sibling-comparisons, cousin-comparisons, and additional designs can help elucidate the sources of covariation between early-life exposures and later outcomes, including the roles of (a) factors that are not shared in families, including a potential causal effect of the exposure; (b) carryover effects from the exposure of one child to the next; and (c) familial confounding. We also describe key assumptions and how they can be critically evaluated. Furthermore, we outline how subsequent analyses, including effect decomposition with respect to measured, plausible mediators, and quantitative genetic models can help further specify the underlying processes that account for the associations between early-life exposures and offspring outcomes.

Subject headings

SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP  -- Psykologi (hsv//swe)
SOCIAL SCIENCES  -- Psychology (hsv//eng)
NATURVETENSKAP  -- Biologi -- Genetik (hsv//swe)
NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Biological Sciences -- Genetics (hsv//eng)

Keyword

Causal inference
genetically-informed designs
sibling comparisons
cousin comparisons
developmental origins of health and disease
pregnancy
fetal growth

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