Heritability of startle reactivity and affect modified startle

Dhamija, DevikaDepartment of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA (author)

Funding agency:NIMH, R01 MH58354, K02 MH01114-08
Startle reflex and affect-modified startle reflex are used as indicators of defensive reactivity and emotional processing, respectively. The present study investigated the heritability of both the startle blink reflex and affect modification of this reflex in a community sample of 772 twins ages 14–15 years old. Subjects were shown affective picture slides falling in three valence categories: negative, positive and neutral; crossed with two arousal categories: high arousal and low arousal. Some of these slides were accompanied with a loud startling noise. Results suggestedsex differences in meanlevels of startle reflex as well as in proportions of variance explained by genetic and environmental factors. Females had higher mean startle blink amplitudes for each valence-arousal slide category, indicating greater baseline defensive reactivity compared to males. Startle blink reflex in males was significantly heritable (49%), whereas in females, variance was explained primarily by shared environmental factors (53%) and non-shared environmental factors (41%). Heritability of affect modified startle (AMS) was found to be negligible in both males and females. These results suggest sex differences in the etiology of startle reactivity, while questioning the utility of the startle paradigm for understanding the genetic basis of emotional processing.

Tuvblad, Catherine,1968-Örebro universitet,Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA(Swepub:oru)ctd (author)
Dawson, MichaelDepartment of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA (author)
Raine, AdrianDepartments of Criminology, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA (author)
Baker, Laura A.Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA (author)
Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USAInstitutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete (creator_code:org_t)

In:International Journal of Psychophysiology: Elsevier115, s. 57-640167-87601872-7697

By the author/editor: Dhamija, Devika; Tuvblad, Catheri ...; Dawson, Michael; Raine, Adrian; Baker, Laura A.

About the subject

NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Biological Scien ...; and Evolutionary Bio ...

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Clinical Medicin ...; and Neurology

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