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Familial confoundin...
Familial confounding of the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and ADHD in offspring
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- Skoglund, Charlotte (author)
- Karolinska Institutet
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- Chen, Qi (author)
- Karolinska Institutet
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- D'Onofrio, Brian M (author)
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington IN, United States
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- Lichtenstein, Paul (author)
- Karolinska Institutet
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- Larsson, Henrik, 1975- (author)
- Karolinska Institutet
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- ISSN 0021-9630
- 2013-07-30
- 2014
- English.
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In: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. - Stockholm : Blackwell Publishing. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 55:1, s. 61-8
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Abstract
Subject headings
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- BACKGROUND: Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy (SDP) has consistently been associated with increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring, but recent studies indicate that this association might be due to unmeasured familial confounding.METHODS: A total of 813,030 individuals born in Sweden between 1992 and 2000 were included in this nationwide population-based cohort study. Data on maternal SDP and ADHD diagnosis were obtained from national registers and patients were followed up from the age of 3 to the end of 2009. Hazard Ratios (HRs) were estimated using stratified Cox regression models. Cousin and sibling data were used to control for unmeasured familial confounding.RESULTS: At the population level maternal SDP predicted ADHD in offspring (HR(ModerateSDP) = 1.89; HR(HighSDP)= 2.50). This estimate gradually attenuated toward the null when adjusting for measured confounders (HR(ModerateSDP)= 1.62; HR(HighSDP)= 2.04), unmeasured confounders shared within the extended family (i.e., cousin comparison) (HR(ModerateSDP)= 1.45; HR(HighSDP)= 1.69), and unmeasured confounders within the nuclear family (i.e., sibling comparison) (HR(ModerateSDP)= 0.88; HR(HighSDP)= 0.84).CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the association between maternal SDP and offspring ADHD are due to unmeasured familial confounding.
Subject headings
- SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP -- Psykologi (hsv//swe)
- SOCIAL SCIENCES -- Psychology (hsv//eng)
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Klinisk medicin -- Psykiatri (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Clinical Medicine -- Psychiatry (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- Maternal smoking during pregnancy
- attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
- confounding
- sibling comparisons
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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