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Tap Water Contribut...
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Hu, Xindi C.Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
(author)
Tap Water Contributions to Plasma Concentrations of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in a Nationwide Prospective Cohort of U.S. Women
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National Institute of Environmental Health Science,2019
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LIBRIS-ID:oai:DiVA.org:oru-74653
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https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-74653URI
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https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4093DOI
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Language:English
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Summary in:English
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Subject category:ref swepub-contenttype
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Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype
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Funding Agencies:Harvard National Institute of Environmental Health and Sciences (NIEHS) Center Grant P30 ES000002 NIH CA186107 CA49449 ES021372 NIH Superfund Research Program P42ES027706
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BACKGROUND: Between 2013 and 2015, concentrations of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in public drinking water supplies serving at least six million individuals exceeded the level set forth in the health advisory established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Other than data reported for contaminated sites, no systematic or prospective data exist on the relative source contribution (RSC) of drinking water to human PFAS exposures.OBJECTIVES: This study estimates the RSC of tap water to overall PFAS exposure among members of the general U.S.POPULATION:METHODS: We measured concentrations of 15 PFAS in home tap water samples collected in 1989-1990 from 225 participants in a nationwide prospective cohort of U.S. women: the Nurses' Health Study (NHS). We used a one-compartment toxicokinetic model to estimate plasma concentrations corresponding to tap water intake of PFAS. We compared modeled results with measured plasma PFAS concentrations among a subset of 110 NHS participants.RESULTS: Tap water perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were statistically significant predictors of plasma concentrations among individuals who consumed [Formula: see text] cups of tap water per day. Modeled median contributions of tap water to measured plasma concentrations were: PFOA 12% (95% probability interval 11%-14%), PFNA 13% (8.7%-21%), linear perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (nPFOS) 2.2% (2.0%-2.5%), branched perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (brPFOS) 3.0% (2.5%-3.2%), and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) 34% (29%-39%). In five locations, comparisons of PFASs in community tap water collected in the period 2013-2016 with samples from 1989-1990 indicated increases in quantifiable PFAS and extractable organic fluorine (a proxy for unquantified PFAS).CONCLUSIONS: Our results for 1989-1990 compare well with the default RSC of 20% used in risk assessments for legacy PFAS by many agencies. Future evaluation of drinking water exposures should incorporate emerging PFAS.
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Tokranov, Andrea K.Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Liddie, JahredHarvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Zhang, XianmingHarvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Grandjean, PhilippeDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark , Odense, Denmark
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Hart, Jaime E.Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Laden, FrancineDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Sun, QiChanning Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Yeung, Leo W. Y.,1981-Örebro universitet,Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik,MTM Research Centre(Swepub:oru)lyg
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Sunderland, Elsie M.Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USAHarvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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In:Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives: National Institute of Environmental Health Science127:60091-67651552-9924
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