Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and dietary habits in adulthood: A large population-based twin study in Sweden

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and dietary habits in adulthood : A large population-based twin study in Sweden

Li, Lin, 1989- (author): Karolinska Institutet,Örebro universitet,Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper,Orebro Univ, Sch Med Sci, Orebro, Sweden.

Taylor, Mark J. (author): Karolinska Institutet

Bälter, Katarina (author): Karolinska Institutet,Mälardalens högskola,Hälsa och välfärd,Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden.;Malardalen Univ, Publ Hlth Sci, Vasteras, Sweden.

Kuja-Halkola, Ralf (author): Karolinska Institutet

Chen, Qi (author): Karolinska Institutet

Hegvik, Tor-Arne (author): Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden.;Univ Bergen, Dept Biomed, Bergen, Norway.

Tate, Ashley E. (author): Karolinska Institutet

Chang, Zheng (author): Karolinska Institutet

Arias-Vásquez, Alejandro (author): The Department of Psychiatry & Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands,Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, Dept Psychiat & Human Genet, Med Ctr, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

Hartman, Catharina A. (author): Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands,Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Psychiat, Groningen, Netherlands.

Larsson, Henrik, 1975- (author): Örebro universitet,Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Orebro Univ, Sch Med Sci, S-70182 Orebro, Sweden.;Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden.

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2020-10-07
2020
English.
In: American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1552-4841 .- 1552-485X. ; 183:8, s. 475-485

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Journal article (peer-reviewed)

Abstract Subject headings

Associations between adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and dietary habits have not been well established and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We explored these associations using a Swedish population-based twin study with 17,999 individuals aged 20-47 years. We estimated correlations between inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity with dietary habits and fitted twin models to determine the genetic and environmental contributions. Dietary habits were defined as (a) consumption of food groups, (b) consumption of food items rich in particular macronutrients, and (c) healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. At the phenotypic level, inattention was positively correlated with seafood, high-fat, high-sugar, high-protein food consumptions, and unhealthy dietary pattern, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.03 (95%CI: 0.01, 0.05) to 0.13 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.15). Inattention was negatively correlated with fruits, vegetables consumptions and healthy dietary pattern, with correlation coefficients ranging from -0.06 (95%CI: -0.08, -0.04) to -0.07 (95%CI: -0.09, -0.05). Hyperactivity/impulsivity and dietary habits showed similar but weaker patterns compared to inattention. All associations remained stable across age, sex and socioeconomic status. Nonshared environmental effects contributed substantially to the correlations of inattention (56-60%) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (63-80%) with dietary habits. The highest and lowest genetic correlations were between inattention and high-sugar food (rA = .16, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.25), and between hyperactivity/impulsivity and unhealthy dietary pattern (rA = .05, 95% CI: -0.05, 0.14), respectively. We found phenotypic and etiological overlap between ADHD and dietary habits, although these associations were weak. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of common etiological pathways between ADHD symptoms and various dietary habits.

Subject headings

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Hälsovetenskap -- Näringslära (hsv//swe)
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Health Sciences -- Nutrition and Dietetics (hsv//eng)
MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Klinisk medicin -- Psykiatri (hsv//swe)
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Clinical Medicine -- Psychiatry (hsv//eng)
MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Hälsovetenskap (hsv//swe)
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Health Sciences (hsv//eng)

Keyword

ADHD
adults
dietary habits
genetic correlation
phenotypic correlation
twin study

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ref (subject category)
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By the author/editor: Li, Lin, 1989-; Taylor, Mark J.; Bälter, Katarina; Kuja-Halkola, Ra ...; Chen, Qi; Hegvik, Tor-Arne; show more...; Tate, Ashley E.; Chang, Zheng; Arias-Vásquez, A ...; Hartman, Cathari ...; Larsson, Henrik, ...; show less...

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MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Health Sciences; and Nutrition and Di ...

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Clinical Medicin ...; and Psychiatry

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Health Sciences

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By the university: Örebro University; Mälardalen University; Karolinska Institutet

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