A history of the Oz multiparadigm language

• Oz is a programming language designed to support multiple programming paradigms in a clean factored way that is easy to program despite its broad coverage. It started in 1991 as a collaborative effort by the DFKI (Germany) and SICS (Sweden) and led to an influential system, Mozart, that was released in 1999 and widely used in the 2000s for practical applications and education. We give the history of Oz as it developed from its origins in logic programming, starting with Prolog, followed by concurrent logic programming and constraint logic programming, and leading to its two direct precursors, the concurrent constraint model and the Andorra Kernel Language (AKL). We give the lessons learned from the Oz effort including successes and failures and we explain the principles underlying the Oz design. Oz is defined through a kernel language, which is a formal model similar to a foundational calculus, but that is designed to be directly useful to the programmer. The kernel language is organized in a layered structure, which makes it straightforward to write programs that use different paradigms in different parts. Oz is a key enabler for the book Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming (MIT Press, 2004). Based on the book and the implementation, Oz has been used successfully in university-level programming courses starting from 2001 to the present day.

Subject headings

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Data- och informationsvetenskap (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Computer and Information Sciences (hsv//eng)

Keyword

Computer programming

Concurrent programming

Dataflow

Distributed programming

Functional programming

Lazy evaluation

Logic programming

Multiparadigm programming

Programming education

Calculations

Concurrent constraint

Concurrent logic programming

Constraint Logic Programming

Foundational calculus

Layered Structures

Multi-paradigm languages

Programming course

Programming paradigms

PROLOG (programming language)

Computer Science

Publication and Content Type

ref (subject category)

art (subject category)