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- Colors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the first few days after explosion provide a potential discriminant between different models. In this paper, we present g - r colors of 65 SNe Ia discovered within 5 days from first light by the Zwicky Transient Facility in 2018, a sample that is about three times larger than that in the literature. We find that g - r colors are intrinsically rather homogeneous at early phases, with about half of the dispersion attributable to photometric uncertainties (0.18 mag). Colors are nearly constant starting from 6 days after first light (g-r similar to -0.15 mag), while the time evolution at earlier epochs is characterized by a continuous range of slopes, from events rapidly transitioning from redder to bluer colors (slope of similar to-0.25 mag day(-1)) to events with a flatter evolution. The continuum in the slope distribution is in good agreement both with models requiring some amount of Ni-56 mixed in the outermost regions of the ejecta and with double-detonation models having thin helium layers (M-He = 0.01 M-circle dot) and varying carbon-oxygen core masses. At the same time, six events show evidence for a distinctive red bump signature predicted by double-detonation models with larger helium masses. We finally identify a significant correlation between the early-timeg - rslopes and supernova brightness, with brighter events associated to flatter color evolution (p-value = 0.006). The distribution of slopes, however, is consistent with being drawn from a single population, with no evidence for two components as claimed in the literature based on B - V colors.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Fysik (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Physical Sciences (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- Surveys
- Supernovae
- Type Ia supernovae
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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Bulla, Mattia
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Miller, Adam A.
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Yao, Yuhan
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Dessart, Luc
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Dhawan, Suhail
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Papadogiannakis, ...
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Biswas, Rahul
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Goobar, Ariel
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Kulkarni, S. R.
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Nordin, Jakob
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Nugent, Peter
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Polin, Abigail
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Sollerman, Jespe ...
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Bellm, Eric C.
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Coughlin, Michae ...
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Dekany, Richard
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Golkhou, V. Zach
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Graham, Matthew ...
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Kasliwal, Mansi ...
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Kupfer, Thomas
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Laher, Russ R.
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Masci, Frank J.
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Porter, Michael
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Rusholme, Ben
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Shupe, David L.
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- About the subject
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
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NATURAL SCIENCES
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and Physical Science ...
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Astrophysical Jo ...
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Stockholm University
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Royal Institute of Technology