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  • Caselli, P.Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri,Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory,University of Leeds (author)

Water vapor toward starless cores : The Herschel view

  • Article/chapterEnglish2010

Publisher, publication year, extent ...

  • 2010-10-01
  • EDP Sciences,2010
  • printrdacarrier

Numbers

  • LIBRIS-ID:oai:DiVA.org:su-51502
  • https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-51502URI
  • https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201015097DOI
  • https://research.chalmers.se/publication/131380URI

Supplementary language notes

  • Language:English
  • Summary in:English

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Classification

  • Subject category:ref swepub-contenttype
  • Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype

Notes

  • authorCount :66
  • Aims: Previous studies by the satellites SWAS and Odin provided stringent upper limits on the gas phase water abundance of dark clouds (x(H2O) < 7 × 10-9). We investigate the chemistry of water vapor in starless cores beyond the previous upper limits using the highly improved angular resolution and sensitivity of Herschel and measure the abundance of water vapor during evolutionary stages just preceding star formation. Methods: High spectral resolution observations of the fundamental ortho water (o-H2O) transition (557 GHz) were carried out with the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared onboard Herschel toward two starless cores: Barnard 68 (hereafter B68), a Bok globule, and LDN 1544 (L1544), a prestellar core embedded in the Taurus molecular cloud complex. Detailed radiative transfer and chemical codes were used to analyze the data. Results: The RMS in the brightness temperature measured for the B68 and L1544 spectra is 2.0 and 2.2 mK, respectively, in a velocity bin of 0.59 km s-1. The continuum level is 3.5 ± 0.2 mK in B68 and 11.4 ± 0.4 mK in L1544. No significant feature is detected in B68 and the 3σ upper limit is consistent with a column density of o-H2O N(o-H2O) < 2.5 × 1013 cm-2, or a fractional abundance x(o-H2O) < 1.3 × 10-9, more than an order of magnitude lower than the SWAS upper limit on this source. The L1544 spectrum shows an absorption feature at a 5σ level from which we obtain the first value of the o-H2O column density ever measured in dark clouds: N(o-H2O) = (8 ± 4) × 1012 cm-2. The corresponding fractional abundance is x(o-H2O) ≃ 5 × 10-9 at radii >7000 AU and ≃2 × 10-10 toward the center. The radiative transfer analysis shows that this is consistent with a x(o-H2O) profile peaking at ≃10-8, 0.1 pc away from the core center, where both freeze-out and photodissociation are negligible. Conclusions: Herschel has provided the first measurement of water vapor in dark regions. Column densities of o-H2O are low, but prestellar cores such as L1544 (with their high central densities, strong continuum, and large envelopes) appear to be very promising tools to finally shed light on the solid/vapor balance of water in molecular clouds and oxygen chemistry in the earliest stages of star formation. Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA.

Subject headings and genre

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  • Keto, E.Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (author)
  • Pagani, L.LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matiere en Astrophysique et Atmospheres, France (author)
  • Aikawa, Y.Kobe University,Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
  • Yıldız, U. A. (author)
  • van der Tak, F. F. S.Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON),Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,University of Groningen (author)
  • Tafalla, M.Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (OAN),Spanish National Observatory (OAN) (author)
  • Bergin, E. A.University of Michigan (author)
  • Nisini, B.Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma (author)
  • Codella, C.Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri,Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory,Radboud Universiteit,Radboud University,Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy,Western University,University of Waterloo,Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON) (author)
  • van Dishoeck, E. F.Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG),Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
  • Bachiller, R.Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (OAN),Spanish National Observatory (OAN) (author)
  • Baudry, A.Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux (author)
  • Benedettini, M. (author)
  • Benz, A. O.Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH),Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETH) (author)
  • Bjerkeli, Per,1977Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)gu97pebj (author)
  • Blake, G. A.California Institute of Technology (Caltech) (author)
  • Bontemps, S.Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux (author)
  • Braine, J.Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux,Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON) (author)
  • Bruderer, S.Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH),Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETH) (author)
  • Cernicharo, J.Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB) (author)
  • Daniel, F.Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB) (author)
  • di Giorgio, A. M.Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON),Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH),Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETH) (author)
  • Dominik, C. (author)
  • Doty, S. D.Denison University (author)
  • Encrenaz, P.LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matiere en Astrophysique et Atmospheres, France (author)
  • Fich, M.University of Waterloo (author)
  • Fuente, A.Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (OAN),Spanish National Observatory (OAN) (author)
  • Gaier, T. (author)
  • Giannini, T.Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma (author)
  • Goicoechea, J. R.Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB) (author)
  • de Graauw, Th.Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON) (author)
  • Helmich, F.Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON) (author)
  • Herczeg, G. J.Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG) (author)
  • Herpin, F.Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux (author)
  • Hogerheijde, M. R.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
  • Jackson, B. (author)
  • Jacq, T.Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri,Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory (author)
  • Javadi, H. (author)
  • Johnstone, D.University of Victoria,National Research Council Canada (author)
  • Jørgensen, J. K.Köpenhamns universitet,University of Copenhagen (author)
  • Kester, D.Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON) (author)
  • Kristensen, L. E.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
  • Laauwen, W.Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON) (author)
  • Larsson, BengtStockholms universitet,Institutionen för astronomi,Stockholm University(Swepub:su)bem (author)
  • Lis, D.California Institute of Technology (Caltech) (author)
  • Liseau, René,1949Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)liseau (author)
  • Luinge, W.Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON) (author)
  • Marseille, M. (author)
  • McCoey, C. (author)
  • Megej, A. (author)
  • Melnick, G.Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (author)
  • Neufeld, D.Johns Hopkins University (author)
  • Olberg, Michael,1956Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)olberg (author)
  • Parise, B.Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG) (author)
  • Pearson, J. C. (author)
  • Plume, R.University of Calgary (author)
  • Risacher, C. (author)
  • Santiago-García, J.Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) (author)
  • Saraceno, P. (author)
  • Shipman, R.Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON) (author)
  • Siegel, P. (author)
  • van Kempen, T. A.Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (author)
  • Visser, R.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
  • Wampfler, S. F.Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH),Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETH) (author)
  • Wyrowski, F.Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG) (author)
  • Osservatorio Astrofisico di ArcetriUniversity of Leeds (creator_code:org_t)

Related titles

  • In:Astronomy and Astrophysics: EDP Sciences521, s. L29-0004-63611432-0746

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