New insights into polyploid evolution in Fragaria (Rosaceae) based on the single/low copy nuclear intergenic region RGA1-Subtilase

• A phylogenetic study of the genus Fragaria (Rosaceae) was performed based on the nuclear low/singlecopy intergenic region between the two genes Resistance Gene Analogue 1 (RGA1) and Subtilase(Subt). Potential diploid progenitors of the polyploid Fragaria species were detected and autopolyploid species were distinguished from allopolyploid. Our analyses indicate nine separate events of polyploidization in the evolution of Fragaria, of which three are of autopolyploid and six are of allopolyploid origin. Three tetraploid Fragaria have a probable autopolyploid origin, while a fourth one is most likely an allopolyploid. Fragaria nipponica is the diploid progenitor of autotetraploid F. tibetica, a diploid of the F. nipponica lineage is the progenitor of autotetraploid F. gracilis and F. vesca or more likely F. mandshurica is the diploid progenitor of autotetraploid F. orientalis. The progenitorsof the allotetraploid F. corymbosa are a diploid of the F. nipponica lineage and a diploid sister to the F.nipponica lineage. The hexaploid F. moschata originated after two events of allopolyploidization. First,a hybridization event involving the two diploids F. vesca and F. viridis took place, resulting in an undescribed allotetraploid and secondly, this allotetraploid hybridized with a diploid of the F. iinumae lineage. The octoploid lineage that gave rise to the two species F. virginiana and F. chiloensis was formed after an allopolyploidization event between F. moschata and a diploid of the F. iinumae lineage.The decaploid F. iturupensis originated after an allopolyploidization event between the octoploid lineage and a diploid of the F. iinumae lineage. The potential new species, formerly known as F.virginiana ssp. platypetala, originated after an allopolyploidization event between F. virginiana and a diploid Fragaria basally placed in our phylogeny, close to F. daltoniana.

Subject headings

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Biologi -- Biologisk systematik (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Biological Sciences -- Biological Systematics (hsv//eng)

Keyword

Fragaria

polyploid speciation

allopolyploidy

autopolyploidy

single/low copy gene

phylogenetics

reticulate evolution

Systematics and phylogenetics

Systematik och fylogeni

systematisk botanik

Systematic Botany

Publication and Content Type

vet (subject category)

ovr (subject category)