Reply to Butterfield: The Devonian radiation of large predatory fish coincided with elevated athospheric oxygen levels

Reply to Butterfield : The Devonian radiation of large predatory fish coincided with elevated athospheric oxygen levels

Dahl, Tais W. (author)

Hammarlund, Emma U., 1971- (author): Stockholms universitet,Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper

Anbar, Ariel D. (author)

Bond, David P. G. (author)

Gill, Benjamin C. (author)

Gordon, Gwyneth W. (author)

Knoll, Andrew H. (author)

Canfield, Donald E. (author)

(creator_code:org_t)

2011-02-16
2011
English.
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 108:9, s. E29-

Related links:: http://www.pnas.org/...; show more...; https://urn.kb.se/re...; https://doi.org/10.1...; show less...

Abstract Subject headings

We welcome this opportunity to clarify the conclusions and implications of our recent publication in PNAS. Butterfield (1) raises four issues regarding the oxygenation of the Paleozoic Earth's surface and its correlation to animal evolution. Our geochemical and paleontological data supported ocean oxygenation in the Silurian-Early Devonian (2), a critical transition in Earth history that influenced biogeochemical cycles and biological systems. First, Butterfield suggests that evidence of charcoal in late Silurian rocks is incompatible with our claim that the earlier Paleozoic atmosphere had oxygen levels below 50% PAL (present-day atmospheric level). This counterargument rests on the assumption that the “fire window” of 62–166% PAL oxygen is well defined, but this is not the case (3).

By the author/editor: Dahl, Tais W.; Hammarlund, Emma ...; Anbar, Ariel D.; Bond, David P. G ...; Gill, Benjamin C ...; Gordon, Gwyneth ...; show more...; Knoll, Andrew H.; Canfield, Donald ...; show less...

About the subject

NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Earth and Relate ...; and Geochemistry

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