Predator-prey interactions in a variable environment: responses of a caddis larva and its blackfly prey to variations in stream flow

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Predator-prey interactions in a variable environment : responses of a caddis larva and its blackfly prey to variations in stream flow

Meissner, Kristian (author)

Juntunen, Antti (author)

Malmqvist, Björn (author): Umeå universitet,Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap

Muotka, Timo (author)

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Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board, 2009
2009
English.
In: Annales Zoologici Fennici. - : Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board. - 0003-455X .- 1797-2450. ; 46:3, s. 193-204

Related links:: https://urn.kb.se/re...

Journal article (other academic/artistic)

Abstract Subject headings

Predator-prey studies in streams have traditionally focused on mayfly-stonefly interactions in relatively constant flow conditions. In reality, however, lotic prey encounter multiple types of predators, most of which are restricted to low-velocity microhabitats. By contrast, some invertebrate prey may occur in very high current velocities. For example, many blackfly species are able to feed at velocities of 100 cm s(-1), whereas even moderate currents reduce the hunting efficiency of their invertebrate predators. The caddisfly larvae of the genus Rhyacophila, however, may be an exception to the pattern of reducing predator efficiency with increasing velocity. Using a combination of laboratory and field experiments and behavioral field observations, we examined the interaction between predatory Rhyacophila caddis larvae and larval blackflies along a velocity gradient of 20-120 cm s(-1). In laboratory experiments, Rhyacophila preferred currents slower than 50 cm s(-1) while blackflies exhibited a wide tolerance of currents and frequently occurred in currents exceeding 100 cm s(-1). In direct field observations, total activity and distance moved by Rhyacophila were similar at all current velocity regimes tested, but frequency of predation attempts on blackflies was lowest at the highest velocities (> 100 cm s(-1)). In a field colonization study, blackflies avoided substrates with the slowest velocities (< 40 cm s(-1)), as also did the caddis larvae. Only velocities approaching 100 cm s(-1) provide blackflies with refuge from predation by Rhyacophila. Being able to maneuver across a wide range of velocities, Rhyacophila may have more pervasive effects on their prey than other lotic invertebrate predators.

Subject headings

NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Miljövetenskap (hsv//swe)
NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Environmental Sciences (hsv//eng)
NATURVETENSKAP -- Biologi -- Ekologi (hsv//swe)
NATURAL SCIENCES -- Biological Sciences -- Ecology (hsv//eng)
NATURVETENSKAP -- Biologi -- Zoologi (hsv//swe)
NATURAL SCIENCES -- Biological Sciences -- Zoology (hsv//eng)

Keyword

current velocity
diptera-simuliidae
feeding insect
fly larvae
field-test
disturbance
stoneflies
preference
habitat
invertebrates

Publication and Content Type

vet (subject category)
art (subject category)

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By the author/editor: Meissner, Kristi ...; Juntunen, Antti; Malmqvist, Björn; Muotka, Timo

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NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Earth and Relate ...; and Environmental Sc ...

NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Biological Scien ...; and Ecology

NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Biological Scien ...; and Zoology

Articles in the publication: Annales Zoologic ...

By the university: Umeå University

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