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Essential metals : assessing risks from deficiency and toxicity
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- Aggett, Peter (author)
- Lancashire School of Health and Postgraduate Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
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- Nordberg, Gunnar F. (author)
- Umeå universitet,Avdelningen för hållbar hälsa
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- Nordberg, Monica (author)
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- (creator_code:org_t)
- 5
- London : Academic Press, 2022
- 2022
- English.
- In: Handbook on the toxicology of metals. - London : Academic Press. - 9780128232927 ; , s. 385-406
- Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
Abstract
Subject headings
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- Recommendations aimed at protecting the public from toxicity of essential elements including essential metals have usually been developed separately from those recommendations aimed at protection from deficiency. Because of the uncertainties involved in the evaluations, these recommendations have sometimes been in conflict, emphasizing the need for a new approach, including a balanced consideration of nutritional and toxicological data. In developing these new principles of evaluation, some basic concepts based on interindividual variability in sensitivity to deficiency and toxicity must be considered. Such variation translates into one interval of (low) daily intakes, at which there is a risk of developing deficiency, and another interval of (high) dietary intakes at which toxicity may occur. In most instances, there is a third set of intakes in between, which represents the acceptable range of oral intake (AROI), in which no adverse effects occur. This range determined from a homeostatic or biologically based (BBM) approach, which is discussed here, would be expected to apply to the general population. It must be noted, however, that this range would not protect all persons from adverse effects: this applies to those with genetically determined sensitivity, who may require higher intakes to avoid deficiency or lower intakes to avoid toxicity than those defined by the AROI. Nonetheless, AROI could be derived to protect 95% of the general human population from minimal adverse effects of deficiency or toxicity arising from inadequate and excessive intakes. As such the correspondence of these values to current Health-Based Guidance Values (HBGVs) and reference intakes of essential metals (EMs), and the roles of the BBM/Homeostatic Approach in Risk Assessment of EMs are of important public health interest.
Subject headings
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper -- Farmakologi och toxikologi (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Basic Medicine -- Pharmacology and Toxicology (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- Acceptable range of oral intake (AROI)
- Bioavailability
- Biomarkers of deficiency
- Biomarkers of toxic effects
- Critical effect
- Critical endpoint
- Homeostatic mechanisms
- Requirements for individuals
- Speciation
- Upper level (UL)
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- kap (subject category)
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