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Characteristics of the Operational Noise from Full Scale Wave Energy Converters in the Lysekil Project : Estimation of Potential Environmental Impacts
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- Haikonen, Kalle (author)
- Uppsala universitet,Elektricitetslära
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- Sundberg, Jan (author)
- Uppsala universitet,Elektricitetslära
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- Leijon, Mats (author)
- Uppsala universitet,Elektricitetslära
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2013-05-21
- 2013
- English.
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In: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 6:5, s. 2562-2582
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Abstract
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- Wave energy conversion is a clean electric power production technology. During operation there are no emissions in the form of harmful gases. However there are unsolved issues considering environmental impacts such as: electromagnetism; the artificial reef effect and underwater noise. Anthropogenic noise is increasing in the oceans worldwide and wave power will contribute to this sound pollution in the oceans; but to what extent? The main purpose of this study was to examine the noise emitted by a full scale operating Wave Energy Converter (WEC) in the Lysekil project at Uppsala University in Sweden. A minor review of the hearing capabilities of fish and marine mammals is presented to aid in the conclusions of impact from anthropogenic sound. A hydrophone was deployed to the seabed in the Lysekil research site park at distance of 20 and 40 m away from two operational WECs. The measurements were performed in the spring of 2011. The results showed that the main noise was a transient noise with most of its energy in frequencies below 1 kHz. These results indicate that several marine organisms (fish and mammals) will be able to hear the operating WECs of a distance of at least 20 m.
Keyword
- direct driven wave energy converter
- underwater noise
- environmental impact
- renewable energy
- Teknisk fysik med inriktning mot elektricitetslära
- Engineering Science with specialization in Science of Electricity
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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