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Evolution of Pentam...
Evolution of Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels : Pro-Loop Receptors
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- Jaiteh, Mariama (author)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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- Taly, Antoine (author)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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- Henin, Jerome (author)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2016-03-17
- 2016
- English.
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:3
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Abstract
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- Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) are ubiquitous neurotransmitter receptors in Bilateria, with a small number of known prokaryotic homologues. Here we describe a new inventory and phylogenetic analysis of pLGIC genes across all kingdoms of life. Our main finding is a set of pLGIC genes in unicellular eukaryotes, some of which are metazoan-like Cys-loop receptors, and others devoid of Cys-loop cysteines, like their prokaryotic relatives. A number of such "Cys-less" receptors also appears in invertebrate metazoans. Together, those findings draw a new distribution of pLGICs in eukaryotes. A broader distribution of prokaryotic channels also emerges, including a major new archaeal taxon, Thaumarchaeota. More generally, pLGICs now appear nearly ubiquitous in major taxonomic groups except multicellular plants and fungi. However, pLGICs are sparsely present in unicellular taxa, suggesting a high rate of gene loss and a non-essential character, contrasting with their essential role as synaptic receptors of the bilaterian nervous system. Multiple alignments of these highly divergent sequences reveal a small number of conserved residues clustered at the interface between the extracellular and transmembrane domains. Only the "Cys-loop" proline is absolutely conserved, suggesting the more fitting name "Pro loop" for that motif, and "Pro-loop receptors" for the superfamily. The infered molecular phylogeny shows a Cys-loop and a Cys-less clade in eukaryotes, both containing metazoans and unicellular members. This suggests new hypotheses on the evolutionary history of the superfamily, such as a possible origin of the Cys-loop cysteines in an ancient unicellular eukaryote. Deeper phylogenetic relationships remain uncertain, particularly around the split between bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.
Subject headings
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper -- Läkemedelskemi (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Basic Medicine -- Medicinal Chemistry (hsv//eng)
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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