Submarine metalliferous carbonate mounds in the Cambrian of the Baltoscandian Basin induced by vent networks and water column stratification

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Submarine metalliferous carbonate mounds in the Cambrian of the Baltoscandian Basin induced by vent networks and water column stratification

Álvaro, J. Javier (author): Geosciences Institute (IGEO)

Holmer, Lars E., 1960- (author): Uppsala University,Uppsala universitet,Paleobiologi,State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China

Shen, Yanan (author): University of Science and Technology of China

Popov, Leonid E. (author): National Museum Wales

Ghobadi Pour, Mansoureh (author): National Museum Wales

Zhang, Zhifei (author): Northwest University (China)

Zhang, Zhiliang (author): Northwest University (China)

Ahlberg, Per (author): Lund University,Lunds universitet,Berggrundsgeologi,Geologiska institutionen,Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten,Lithosphere and Biosphere Science,Department of Geology,Faculty of Science

Bauert, Heikki (author): Geological Survey of Estonia

González-Acebrón, Laura (author): Complutense University of Madrid

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2022-05-19
2022
English.
In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1

Related links:: https://doi.org/10.1...; show more...; https://uu.diva-port... (primary) (Raw object); http://dx.doi.org/10... (free); https://urn.kb.se/re...; https://doi.org/10.1...; https://lup.lub.lu.s...; show less...

Journal article (peer-reviewed)

Abstract Subject headings

Two massive precipitation events of polymetallic ore deposits, encrusted by a mixture of authigenic carbonates, are documented from the Cambrian of the semi-enclosed Baltoscandian Basin. δ34S (‒9.33 to ‒2.08‰) and δ33S (‒4.75 to ‒1.06‰) values from the basal sulphide breccias, sourced from contemporaneous Pb–Zn–Fe-bearing vein stockworks, reflect sulphide derived from both microbial and abiotic sulphate reduction. Submarine metalliferous deposits were triggered by non-buoyant hydrothermal plumes: plumes of buoyant fluid were trapped by water column stratification because their buoyancy with respect to the environment reversed, fluids became heavier than their surroundings and gravitational forces brought them to a halt, spreading out laterally from originating vents and resulting in the lateral dispersion of effluents and sulphide particle settling. Subsequently, polymetallic exhalites were sealed by carbonate crusts displaying three generations of ikaite-to-aragonite palisade crystals, now recrystallized to calcite and subsidiary vaterite. Th of fluid inclusions in early calcite crystals, ranging from 65 to 78 ºC, provide minimum entrapment temperatures for carbonate precipitation and early recrystallization. δ13Ccarb (‒1.1 to + 1.6‰) and δ18Ocarb (‒7.6 to ‒6.5‰) values are higher than those preserved in contemporaneous glendonite concretions (‒8.5 to ‒4.7‰ and ‒12.4 to ‒9.1‰, respectively) embedded in kerogenous shales, the latter related to thermal degradation of organic matter. Hydrothermal discharges graded from highly reduced, acidic, metalliferous, and hot (~ 150 ºC) to slightly alkaline, calcium-rich and warm (< 100 ºC), controlling the precipitation of authigenic carbonates.

Subject headings

NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Annan geovetenskap och miljövetenskap (hsv//swe)
NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Other Earth and Related Environmental Sciences (hsv//eng)
NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Geokemi (hsv//swe)
NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Geochemistry (hsv//eng)

Keyword

Earth Science with specialization in Historical Geology and Palaeontology
Geovetenskap med inriktning mot historisk geologi och paleontologi

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NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Earth and Relate ...; and Other Earth and ...

NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Earth and Relate ...; and Geochemistry

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By the university: Uppsala University; Lund University

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