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A global analysis o...
A global analysis of matches and mismatches between human genetic and linguistic histories
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- Barbieri, Chiara (author)
- Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.;Univ Zurich, Ctr Interdisciplinary Study Language Evolut, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland.;Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Linguist & Cultural Evolut, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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- Blasi, Damian E. (author)
- Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Linguist & Cultural Evolut, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.;Harvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02134 USA.;Yale Univ, Human Relat Area Files, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
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- Arango-Isaza, Epifania (author)
- Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.;Univ Zurich, Ctr Interdisciplinary Study Language Evolut, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland
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- Sotiropoulos, Alexandros G. (author)
- Univ Zurich, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
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- Hammarström, Harald (author)
- Uppsala universitet,Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi
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- Wichmann, Soren (author)
- Univ Kiel, Cluster Excellence ROOTS, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
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- Greenhill, Simon J. (author)
- Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Linguist & Cultural Evolut, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.;Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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- Gray, Russell D. (author)
- Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Linguist & Cultural Evolut, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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- Forkel, Robert (author)
- Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Linguist & Cultural Evolut, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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- Bickel, Balthasar (author)
- Univ Zurich, Ctr Interdisciplinary Study Language Evolut, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland.;Univ Zurich, Dept Comparat Language Sci, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland
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- Shimizu, Kentaro K. (author)
- Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.;Univ Zurich, Ctr Interdisciplinary Study Language Evolut, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland.;Yokohama City Univ, Kihara Inst Biol Res, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2440813, Japan
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Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland;Univ Zurich, Ctr Interdisciplinary Study Language Evolut, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland.;Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Linguist & Cultural Evolut, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Linguist & Cultural Evolut, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.;Harvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02134 USA.;Yale Univ, Human Relat Area Files, New Haven, CT 06511 USA (creator_code:org_t)
- 2022-11-21
- 2022
- English.
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : NATL ACAD SCIENCES. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:47
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Abstract
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- Human history is written in both our genes and our languages. The extent to which our biological and linguistic histories are congruent has been the subject of considerable debate, with clear examples of both matches and mismatches. To disentangle the patterns of demographic and cultural transmission, we need a global systematic assessment of matches and mismatches. Here, we assemble a genomic database (GeLaTo, or Genes and Languages Together) specifically curated to investigate genetic and linguistic diversity worldwide. We find that most populations in GeLaTo that speak languages of the same language family (i.e., that descend from the same ancestor language) are also genetically highly similar. However, we also identify nearly 20% mismatches in populations genetically close to linguistically unrelated groups. These mismatches, which occur within the time depth of known linguistic relatedness up to about 10,000 y, are scattered around the world, suggesting that they are a regular outcome in human history. Most mismatches result from populations shifting to the language of a neighboring population that is genetically different because of independent demographic histories. In line with the regularity of such shifts, we find that only half of the language families in GeLaTo are genetically more cohesive than expected under spatial autocorrelations. Moreover, the genetic and linguistic divergence times of population pairs match only rarely, with Indo-European standing out as the family with most matches in our sample. Together, our database and findings pave the way for systematically disentangling demographic and cultural history and for quantifying processes of shifts in language and social identities on a global scale.
Subject headings
- HUMANIORA -- Språk och litteratur -- Jämförande språkvetenskap och allmän lingvistik (hsv//swe)
- HUMANITIES -- Languages and Literature -- General Language Studies and Linguistics (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- cultural evolution
- population genetics
- languages
- molecular anthropology
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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Barbieri, Chiara
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Blasi, Damian E.
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Arango-Isaza, Ep ...
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Sotiropoulos, Al ...
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Hammarström, Har ...
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Wichmann, Soren
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Greenhill, Simon ...
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Gray, Russell D.
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Forkel, Robert
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Bickel, Balthasa ...
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Shimizu, Kentaro ...
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- About the subject
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- HUMANITIES
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HUMANITIES
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and Languages and Li ...
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and General Language ...
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Proceedings of t ...
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Uppsala University