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Dietary habits among snus users : a population-based cross-sectional study
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- Berglund, Fanny (author)
- Dept Hlth & Med Serv, Luleå, Sweden.,Department of Health and Medical Services, Region Norrbotten, Luleå, Sweden
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- Törmä, Johanna (author)
- Uppsala universitet,Klinisk nutrition och metabolism,Hälso- och sjukvårdsforskning,Dept Hlth & Med Serv, Luleå, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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- Wennberg, Maria, 1974- (author)
- Umeå universitet,Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin,Umeå Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, Umeå, Sweden.
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- Dept Hlth & Med Serv, Luleå, Sweden Department of Health and Medical Services, Region Norrbotten, Luleå, Sweden (creator_code:org_t)
- SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation, 2023
- 2023
- English.
- In: Food & Nutrition Research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 67
- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract
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- Background: The dietary habits among snus users are largely unknown and have not been accounted for in observational studies on the health effects of snus use.Aim: To examine whether snus users eat unhealthier than never tobacco users.Methods: A total of 3,397 male participants, examined between 1994 and 2014 in the Northern Sweden Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) study, were included. Snus use and dietary habits were self-reported using questionnaires, from which intakes of different food groups, macronutrients, and a healthy diet score (HDS) were calculated (the latter as a proxy for overall diet quality). The association between snus use and dietary habits was examined by quantile regression models.Results: In the multivariable-adjusted model, current snus users had a lower HDS (median difference: -0.86 [95% confidence interval: -1.32, -0.40]) than never tobacco users. Snus users also consumed fewer weekly servings of fruits and berries (median difference: -1.03 [-1.65, -0.40]), and their estimated percentage of energy intake con -sisted of less carbohydrates (median difference: -1.43 [-2.12, -0.74]) and of more total fat (median difference: 0.99 [0.30, 1.67]), saturated fat (median difference: 0.67 [0.29, 1.05]), monounsaturated fat (median difference: 0.44 [0.20, 0.68]), trans fat (median difference: 0.03 [0.01, 0.06]), and alcohol (median difference: 0.21 [0.02, 0.40]).Conclusion: We observed that snus users had an unhealthier diet than never tobacco users. Future studies on the association between snus use and health outcomes should, therefore, consider diet as a potential confounder.
Subject headings
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Hälsovetenskap -- Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Health Sciences -- Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (hsv//eng)
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Hälsovetenskap -- Näringslära (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Health Sciences -- Nutrition and Dietetics (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- tobacco
- smokeless tobacco
- snus
- diet
- food
- beverages
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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