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Extracting black-hole rotational energy: The generalized Penrose process
- Lasota, J. P. (author)
- Gourgoulhon, E. (author)
-
- Abramowicz, Marek A, 1945 (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för fysik (GU),Department of Physics (GU)
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- Tchekhovskoy, A. (author)
- Narayan, R. (author)
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- (creator_code:org_t)
- 2014
- 2014
- English.
- In: Physical Review D. - 1550-7998. ; 89:2
- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract
Subject headings
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- In the case involving particles, the necessary and sufficient condition for the Penrose process to extract energy from a rotating black hole is absorption of particles with negative energies and angular momenta. No torque at the black-hole horizon occurs. In this article we consider the case of arbitrary fields or matter described by an unspecified, general energy-momentum tensor T-mu nu and show that the necessary and sufficient condition for extraction of a black hole's rotational energy is analogous to that in the mechanical Penrose process: absorption of negative energy and negative angular momentum. We also show that a necessary condition for the Penrose process to occur is for the Noether current (the conserved energy-momentum density vector) to be spacelike or past directed (timelike or null) on some part of the horizon. In the particle case, our general criterion for the occurrence of a Penrose process reproduces the standard result. In the case of relativistic jet-producing "magnetically arrested disks," we show that the negative energy and angular-momentum absorption condition is obeyed when the Blandford-Znajek mechanism is at work, and hence the high energy extraction efficiency up to similar to 300% found in recent numerical simulations of such accretion flows results from tapping the black hole's rotational energy through the Penrose process. We show how black-hole rotational energy extraction works in this case by describing the Penrose process in terms of the Noether current.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Fysik (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Physical Sciences (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- 3-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS
- BLANDFORD-ZNAJEK
- MECHANISM
- ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
- ELECTROMAGNETIC EXTRACTION
- ACCRETION
- FLOWS
- ENERGETICS
- HORIZONS
- PLASMA
- FIELD
- JETS
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- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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- Lasota, J. P.
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- Abramowicz, Mare ...
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- Narayan, R.
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
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- University of Gothenburg
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