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Extracting black-ho...
Extracting black-hole rotational energy: The generalized Penrose process
- Article/chapterEnglish2014
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LIBRIS-ID:oai:gup.ub.gu.se/195725
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https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/195725URI
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https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.89.024041DOI
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In the case involving particles, the necessary and sufficient condition for the Penrose process to extract energy from a rotating black hole is absorption of particles with negative energies and angular momenta. No torque at the black-hole horizon occurs. In this article we consider the case of arbitrary fields or matter described by an unspecified, general energy-momentum tensor T-mu nu and show that the necessary and sufficient condition for extraction of a black hole's rotational energy is analogous to that in the mechanical Penrose process: absorption of negative energy and negative angular momentum. We also show that a necessary condition for the Penrose process to occur is for the Noether current (the conserved energy-momentum density vector) to be spacelike or past directed (timelike or null) on some part of the horizon. In the particle case, our general criterion for the occurrence of a Penrose process reproduces the standard result. In the case of relativistic jet-producing "magnetically arrested disks," we show that the negative energy and angular-momentum absorption condition is obeyed when the Blandford-Znajek mechanism is at work, and hence the high energy extraction efficiency up to similar to 300% found in recent numerical simulations of such accretion flows results from tapping the black hole's rotational energy through the Penrose process. We show how black-hole rotational energy extraction works in this case by describing the Penrose process in terms of the Noether current.
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Gourgoulhon, E.
(author)
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Abramowicz, Marek A,1945Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för fysik (GU),Department of Physics (GU)(Swepub:gu)xabrma
(author)
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Tchekhovskoy, A.
(author)
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Narayan, R.
(author)
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Göteborgs universitetInstitutionen för fysik (GU)
(creator_code:org_t)
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In:Physical Review D89:21550-7998
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