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WHO European Childh...
WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative: School nutrition environment and body mass index in primary schools.
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- Wjnhoven, TMA (author)
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, WHO Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Copenhagen, Denmark
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- van Raaij, JMA (author)
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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- Sjöberg, Agneta, 1956 (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för kost- och idrottsvetenskap,Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science,Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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- Eldin, N (author)
- Health Promotion Department, Health Service Executive, Railway Street, Navan, County Meath, Ireland; National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Population Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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- Yngve, Agneta, 1953- (author)
- Karolinska Institutet,Örebro universitet,Restaurang- och hotellhögskolan
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- Kunešová, M (author)
- Obesity Management Centre, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
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- Starc, G (author)
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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- Rito, A (author)
- National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, Lisbon, Portugal
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Farrugia St'Angelo, V (author)
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- Duleva, V (author)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria
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- Hassapidou, M (author)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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- Martos, E (author)
- National Institute for Food and Nutrition Science, Budapest, Hungary
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- Pudule, I (author)
- Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Riga, Latvia
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- Petrauskiene, A (author)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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- Hovengen, R (author)
- Department of Health Statistics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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- Breda, J (author)
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, WHO Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Copenhagen, Denmark
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- Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia (author)
- Primary Health Care Department, Valletta, Malta
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2014-10-30
- 2014
- English.
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601 .- 1661-7827. ; 2014:11, s. 11261-11285
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Abstract
Subject headings
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- BACKGROUND: Schools are important settings for the promotion of a healthy diet and sufficient physical activity and thus overweight prevention. OBJECTIVE: To assess differences in school nutrition environment and body mass index (BMI) in primary schools between and within 12 European countries. METHODS: Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) were used (1831 and 2045 schools in 2007/2008 and 2009/2010, respectively). School personnel provided information on 18 school environmental characteristics on nutrition and physical activity. A school nutrition environment score was calculated using five nutrition-related characteristics whereby higher scores correspond to higher support for a healthy school nutrition environment. Trained field workers measured children's weight and height; BMI-for-age (BMI/A) Z-scores were computed using the 2007 WHO growth reference and, for each school, the mean of the children's BMI/A Z-scores was calculated. RESULTS: Large between-country differences were found in the availability of food items on the premises (e.g., fresh fruit could be obtained in 12%-95% of schools) and school nutrition environment scores (range: 0.30-0.93). Low-score countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Latvia and Lithuania) graded less than three characteristics as supportive. High-score (≥0.70) countries were Ireland, Malta, Norway, Portugal, Slovenia and Sweden. The combined absence of cold drinks containing sugar, sweet snacks and salted snacks were more observed in high-score countries than in low-score countries. Largest within-country school nutrition environment scores were found in Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Latvia and Lithuania. All country-level BMI/A Z-scores were positive (range: 0.20-1.02), indicating higher BMI values than the 2007 WHO growth reference. With the exception of Norway and Sweden, a country-specific association between the school nutrition environment score and the school BMI/A Z-score was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Some European countries have implemented more school policies that are supportive to a healthy nutrition environment than others. However, most countries with low school nutrition environment scores also host schools with supportive school environment policies, suggesting that a uniform school policy to tackle the "unhealthy" school nutrition environment has not been implemented at the same level throughout a country and may underline the need for harmonized school policies.
Subject headings
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Hälsovetenskap -- Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Health Sciences -- Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (hsv//eng)
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Hälsovetenskap -- Näringslära (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Health Sciences -- Nutrition and Dietetics (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Miljövetenskap (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Environmental Sciences (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- School policy
- monitoring
- healthy school environment
- nutrition
- physical activity
- overweight
- primary schools
- Europe
- school policy; monitoring; healthy school environment; nutrition; physical activity; overweight; primary schools; Europe
- Pediatrik
- Folkhälsovetenskap
- Måltidskunskap
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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- By the author/editor
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Wjnhoven, TMA
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van Raaij, JMA
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Sjöberg, Agneta, ...
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Eldin, N
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Yngve, Agneta, 1 ...
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Kunešová, M
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show more...
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Starc, G
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Rito, A
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Farrugia St'Ange ...
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Duleva, V
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Hassapidou, M
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Martos, E
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Pudule, I
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Petrauskiene, A
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Hovengen, R
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Breda, J
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Sant'Angelo, Vic ...
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- About the subject
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- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES
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MEDICAL AND HEAL ...
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and Health Sciences
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and Public Health Gl ...
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- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES
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MEDICAL AND HEAL ...
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and Health Sciences
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and Nutrition and Di ...
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
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NATURAL SCIENCES
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and Earth and Relate ...
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and Environmental Sc ...
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International Jo ...
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University of Gothenburg
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Uppsala University
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Örebro University
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Karolinska Institutet