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THE BOLOCAM GALACTI...
THE BOLOCAM GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY. XIV. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of MASSIVE STARLESS and STAR-FORMING CLUMPS
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Svoboda, B. E. (author)
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Shirley, Y. L. (author)
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Battersby, C. (author)
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Rosolowsky, E. W. (author)
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- Ginsburg, Adam G. (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för fysik (GU),Department of Physics (GU)
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- Ellsworth-Bowers, Timothy P. (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för fysik (GU),Department of Physics (GU)
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Pestalozzi, M. R. (author)
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Dunham, M. K. (author)
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Evans Ii, N. J. (author)
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- Bally, John M. (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för fysik (GU),Department of Physics (GU)
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- Glenn, Jason (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för fysik (GU),Department of Physics (GU)
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2016
- 2016
- English.
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In: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 822:2
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https://doi.org/10.3...
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Abstract
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- We sort 4683 molecular clouds between 10° < ℓ < 65° from the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey based on observational diagnostics of star formation activity: compact 70 μm sources, mid-IR color-selected YSOs, H2O and CH3OH masers, and UCH ii regions. We also present a combined NH3-derived gas kinetic temperature and H2O maser catalog for 1788 clumps from our own GBT 100 m observations and from the literature. We identify a subsample of 2223 (47.5%) starless clump candidates (SCCs), the largest and most robust sample identified from a blind survey to date. Distributions of flux density, flux concentration, solid angle, kinetic temperature, column density, radius, and mass show strong (>1 dex) progressions when sorted by star formation indicator. The median SCC is marginally subvirial (α ∼ 0.7) with >75% of clumps with known distance being gravitationally bound (α < 2). These samples show a statistically significant increase in the median clump mass of ΔM ∼ 170-370 M o from the starless candidates to clumps associated with protostars. This trend could be due to (i) mass growth of the clumps at M o Myr-1 for an average freefall 0.8 Myr timescale, (ii) a systematic factor of two increase in dust opacity from starless to protostellar phases, and/or (iii) a variation in the ratio of starless to protostellar clump lifetime that scales as ∼M -0.4. By comparing to the observed number of CH3OH maser containing clumps, we estimate the phase lifetime of massive (M > 103 M o) starless clumps to be 0.37 ± 0.08 Myr (M/103 M o)-1; the majority (M < 450 M o) have phase lifetimes longer than their average freefall time. © 2016. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Meteorologi och atmosfärforskning (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Fysik -- Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Physical Sciences -- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- ISM: clouds
- ISM: molecules
- masers
- stars: formation
- submillimeter: ISM
- surveys
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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- By the author/editor
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Svoboda, B. E.
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Shirley, Y. L.
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Battersby, C.
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Rosolowsky, E. W ...
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Ginsburg, Adam G ...
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Ellsworth-Bowers ...
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show more...
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Pestalozzi, M. R ...
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Dunham, M. K.
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Evans Ii, N. J.
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Bally, John M.
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Glenn, Jason
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show less...
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
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NATURAL SCIENCES
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and Earth and Relate ...
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and Meteorology and ...
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
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NATURAL SCIENCES
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and Physical Science ...
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and Astronomy Astrop ...
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University of Gothenburg