Development and in vivo response of hydroxyapatite/whitlockite from chicken bones as bone substitute using a chitosan membrane for guided bone regeneration

• Biomaterials that meet the requirements to stimulate bone tissue formation play a vital role in orthopedics and dentistry. In this work, chitosan and a biphasic, non-cytotoxic material hydroxyapatite/whitlockite were obtained from natural sources, which are available as organic waste. The osteogenic activity was assessed using a rabbit model animal with a chitosan barrier membrane in combination with a bone-filling graft substitute composed of hydroxyapatite/whitlockite. FT-IR results showed the typical absorption bands of the chitosan and hydroxyapatite. Moreover, the X-ray diffraction pattern revealed a typical hexagonal phase of hydroxyapatite and rhombohedral structures related to whitlockite. Masson's trichrome stain showed an early formation of extracellular matrix mineralized, in accord with the surface morphology of a cortical mature bond observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The immunocytochemistry results showed a significant increase of positive immunoreactive cells to osteonectin in the treated defects in comparison with the control defects 6 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Overall, the results confirm that the use of this low-cost and versatile biomaterial as a barrier membrane and a bone substitute graft are useful for bone tissue engineering.

Subject headings

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Medicinsk bioteknologi -- Biomaterialvetenskap (hsv//swe)

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Medical Biotechnology -- Biomaterials Science (hsv//eng)

Keyword

Guided bone regeneration

Whitlockite

Hydroxyapatite

Chitosan

Waste sources

composite scaffolds

porous membranes

tissue

whitlockite

particles

nanoparticles

combination

bioactivity

enamel

chitin

Publication and Content Type

ref (subject category)

art (subject category)