Search: onr:"swepub:oai:gup.ub.gu.se/313289" >
The Glomerular Endo...
The Glomerular Endothelium Restricts Albumin Filtration
-
Ballermann, B. J. (author)
-
- Nyström, Jenny, 1972 (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för neurovetenskap och fysiologi,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology
-
- Haraldsson, Börje, 1957 (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för neurovetenskap och fysiologi,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology
-
(creator_code:org_t)
- 2021-11-29
- 2021
- English.
-
In: Frontiers in Medicine. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-858X. ; 8
- Related links:
-
https://www.frontier...
-
show more...
-
https://gup.ub.gu.se...
-
https://doi.org/10.3...
-
show less...
Abstract
Subject headings
Close
- Inflammatory activation and/or dysfunction of the glomerular endothelium triggers proteinuria in many systemic and localized vascular disorders. Among them are the thrombotic microangiopathies, many forms of glomerulonephritis, and acute inflammatory episodes like sepsis and COVID-19 illness. Another example is the chronic endothelial dysfunction that develops in cardiovascular disease and in metabolic disorders like diabetes. While the glomerular endothelium is a porous sieve that filters prodigious amounts of water and small solutes, it also bars the bulk of albumin and large plasma proteins from passing into the glomerular filtrate. This endothelial barrier function is ascribed predominantly to the endothelial glycocalyx with its endothelial surface layer, that together form a relatively thick, mucinous coat composed of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, glycolipids, sialomucins and other glycoproteins, as well as secreted and circulating proteins. The glycocalyx/endothelial surface layer not only covers the glomerular endothelium; it extends into the endothelial fenestrae. Some glycocalyx components span or are attached to the apical endothelial cell plasma membrane and form the formal glycocalyx. Other components, including small proteoglycans and circulating proteins like albumin and orosomucoid, form the endothelial surface layer and are bound to the glycocalyx due to weak intermolecular interactions. Indeed, bound plasma albumin is a major constituent of the endothelial surface layer and contributes to its barrier function. A role for glomerular endothelial cells in the barrier of the glomerular capillary wall to protein filtration has been demonstrated by many elegant studies. However, it can only be fully understood in the context of other components, including the glomerular basement membrane, the podocytes and reabsorption of proteins by tubule epithelial cells. Discovery of the precise mechanisms that lead to glycocalyx/endothelial surface layer disruption within glomerular capillaries will hopefully lead to pharmacological interventions that specifically target this important structure.
Subject headings
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper -- Fysiologi (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Basic Medicine -- Physiology (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- endothelial surface layer
- endothelial dysfunction
- fenestrae
- glycocalyx
- hyaluronan
- permselectivity
- proteoglycans
- thrombotic
- microangiopathy
- heparan-sulfate proteoglycans
- nitric-oxide production
- capillary wall
- sphingosine 1-phosphate
- size-selectivity
- charge selectivity
- basement-membrane
- cell glycocalyx
- anionic sites
- surface-layer
- General & Internal Medicine
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
Find in a library
To the university's database