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Are manual workers ...
Are manual workers at higher risk of death than non-manual employees when living in Swedish municipalities with higher income inequality?
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- Henriksson, Göran (author)
- Karolinska Institutet,Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för medicin, avdelningen för samhällsmedicin och folkhälsa,Institute of Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine
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Allebeck, Peter, 1952 (author)
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Weitoft, G. R. (author)
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- Thelle, Dag, 1942 (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för medicin, avdelningen för akut och kardiovaskulär medicin,Institute of Medicine, Department of Emergeny and Cardiovascular Medicine
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2007-02-13
- 2007
- English.
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In: Eur J Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 17:2, s. 139-44
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Abstract
Subject headings
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- OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that manual workers are at higher risk of death than are non-manual employees when living in municipalities with higher income inequality. DESIGN: Hierarchical regression was used for the analysis were individuals were nested within municipalities according to the 1990 Swedish census. The outcome was all-cause mortality 1992-1998. The income measure at the individual level was disposable family income weighted against composition of family; the income inequality measure used at the municipality level was the Gini coefficient. PARTICIPANTS: The study population consisted of 1 578 186 people aged 40-64 years in the 1990 Swedish census, who were being reported as unskilled or skilled manual workers, lower-, intermediate-, or high-level non-manual employees. RESULTS: There was no significant association between income inequality at the municipality level and risk of death, but an expected gradient with unskilled manual workers having the highest risk and high-level non-manual employees having the lowest. However, in the interaction models the relative risk (RR) of death for high-level non-manual employees was decreasing with increasing income inequality (RR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.93), whereas the corresponding risk for unskilled manual workers increased with increasing income inequality (RR = 1.24; 95% CI, 1.06-1.46). The RRs for skilled manual, low- and medium- level non-manual employees were not significant. Controlling for income at the individual level did not substantially alter these findings, neither did potential confounders at the municipality level. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that there could be a differential impact from income inequality on risk of death, dependent on individuals' social position.
Subject headings
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Hälsovetenskap -- Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Health Sciences -- Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- Adult
- Censuses
- Employment/classification/*economics/statistics & numerical data
- Female
- Humans
- Income/classification/statistics & numerical data
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Occupational Diseases/*mortality
- Occupations/classification/*economics/statistics & numerical data
- Poisson Distribution
- *Poverty Areas
- Residence Characteristics/classification
- Risk Factors
- Social Class
- Sweden/epidemiology
- Urban Health/*statistics & numerical data
- Vulnerable Populations/*statistics & numerical data
- Workload/statistics & numerical data
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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