Competition and moral behavior: A meta-analysis of forty-five crowd-sourced experimental designs

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Brütt, KatharinaUniversity of Amsterdam (author)

Competition and moral behavior: A meta-analysis of forty-five crowd-sourced experimental designs

Article/chapterEnglish2023

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National Academy of Sciences,2023
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LIBRIS-ID:oai:hhs.se:1160792150006056
https://research.hhs.se/esploro/outputs/journalArticle/Competition-and-moral-behavior-A-meta-analysis/991001516799106056URI
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2215572120DOI

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Language:English
Summary in:English

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Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype
Subject category:ref swepub-contenttype

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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Does competition affect moral behavior? This fundamental question has been debated among leading scholars for centuries, and more recently, it has been tested in experimental studies yielding a body of rather inconclusive empirical evidence. A potential source of ambivalent empirical results on the same hypothesis is design heterogeneity-variation in true effect sizes across various reasonable experimental research protocols. To provide further evidence on whether competition affects moral behavior and to examine whether the generalizability of a single experimental study is jeopardized by design heterogeneity, we invited independent research teams to contribute experimental designs to a crowd-sourced project. In a large-scale online data collection, 18,123 experimental participants were randomly allocated to 45 randomly selected experimental designs out of 95 submitted designs. We find a small adverse effect of competition on moral behavior in a meta-analysis of the pooled data. The crowd-sourced design of our study allows for a clean identification and estimation of the variation in effect sizes above and beyond what could be expected due to sampling variance. We find substantial design heterogeneity-estimated to be about 1.6 times as large as the average standard error of effect size estimates of the 45 research designs-indicating that the informativeness and generalizability of results based on a single experimental design are limited. Drawing strong conclusions about the underlying hypotheses in the presence of substantive design heterogeneity requires moving toward much larger data collections on various experimental designs testing the same hypothesis.

Subject headings and genre

SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP Ekonomi och näringsliv Nationalekonomi hsv//swe
SOCIAL SCIENCES Economics and Business Economics hsv//eng
SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP Psykologi Psykologi hsv//swe
SOCIAL SCIENCES Psychology Psychology hsv//eng

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Weitzel, UtzVrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Netherlands, Amsterdam) - VU (author)
Kirchler, MichaelUniversität Innsbruck (author)
Huber, ChristophVienna University of Economics and Business (author)
Dreber, AnnaStockholm School of Economics,Handelshögskolan i Stockholm(Swepub:hhs)1274@hhs.se (author)
Huber, JürgenUniversity of Innsbruck (author)
Johannesson, MagnusStockholm School of Economics,Handelshögskolan i Stockholm(Swepub:hhs)198@hhs.se (author)
Abellán, MiguelLeuphana University of Lüneburg (author)
Adayeva, XeniyaHSE University, Saint Petersburg, Russia. (author)
Ay, Fehime CerenTelenor (author)
Barron, KaiSocial Science Research Center Berlin (author)
Berry, ZachariahNew York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations (author)
Bönte, WernerUniversity of Wuppertal (author)
Urbig, DiemoIndiana University Bloomington (author)
Vorlaufer, TobiasOsnabrück University (author)
Waibel, JoschkaUniversity of Essex (author)
Woods, DanielUniversität Innsbruck (author)
Yakobi, OfirUniversity of Waterloo (author)
Schmitz, JanRadboud University Nijmegen (author)
Zaleskiewicz, TomaszUniversity of Social Sciences and Humanities (author)
Zeisberger, StefanRadboud University Nijmegen (author)
Holzmeister, FelixUniversität Innsbruck (author)
Yilmaz, OnurcanKadir Has University (author)
Hafenbrädl, SebastianEAE Business School (author)
Handgraaf, MichelAMS Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (author)
Schneider, FlorianUniversity of Zurich (author)
Schram, ArthurUniversity of Amsterdam (author)
Schudy, SimeonIfo Institute for Economic Research (author)
Schweitzer, Maurice EUniversity of Pennsylvania (author)
Hart, EinavGeorge Mason University (author)
Hennig, MaxUniversity of Tübingen (author)
Hudja, StantonBaylor University (author)
Hanoch, YanivUniversity of Southampton (author)
Hütter, MandyUniversity of Tübingen (author)
Hyndman, KyleThe University of Texas at Dallas (author)
Ioannidis, KonstantinosUniversity of Amsterdam (author)
Isler, OzanQueensland University of Technology (author)
Khadjavi, MenuschTinbergen Institute (author)
Jeworrek, SabrinaOtto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg (author)
Jolles, DanielUniversity of Essex (author)
Juanchich, MarieUniversity of Essex (author)
Kc, Raghabendra PratapRollins College (author)
Kugler, TamarUniversity of Arizona (author)
Li, ShuwenShanghai Jiao Tong University (author)
Lucas, BrianNew York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations (author)
Mak, VincentCambridge School (author)
Mechtel, MarioLeuphana University of Lüneburg (author)
Merkle, ChristophAarhus University (author)
Meyers, Ethan AndrewUniversity of Waterloo (author)
Mollerstrom, JohannaGeorge Mason University (United States, Fairfax) (author)
Nesterov, AlexanderHSE University, Saint Petersburg, Russia. (author)
Neyse, LeventSocial Science Research Center Berlin (author)
Nieken, PetraKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (author)
Nussberger, Anne-MarieMax Planck Institute for Human Development (author)
Palumbo, HelenaPompeu Fabra University (author)
Peters, KimUniversity of Exeter (author)
Pirrone, AngeloLondon School of Economics and Political Science (author)
Qin, XiangdongShanghai Jiao Tong University (author)
Rahal, Rima MariaMax Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods (Germany, Bonn) (author)
Rau, HolgerUniversity of Göttingen (author)
Ronzani, PieroInternational Security and Development Center (author)
Roth, YefimUniversity of Haifa (author)
Rincke, JohannesFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (author)
Saral, Ali SeyhunInstitute for Advanced Study in Toulouse (author)
Schwieren, ChristianeHeidelberg University (author)
Scopelliti, IreneCity, University of London (author)
Sirota, MiroslavUniversity of Essex (author)
Sonnemans, JoepUniversity of Amsterdam (author)
Soraperra, IvanUniversity of Amsterdam (author)
Spantig, LisaRWTH Aachen University (author)
Steimanis, IvoPhilipps University of Marburg (author)
Steinmetz, JaninaCity, University of London (author)
Suetens, SigridTilburg University (author)
Theodoropoulou, AndrianaUniversity of Essex (author)
Bulutay, MuhammedTechnische Universität Berlin (author)
Campos-Mercade, PolUniversity of Copenhagen (author)
Cardella, EricTexas Tech University (author)
Emery, CécileUniversity of Exeter (author)
Claassen, Maria AlmudenaUniversity of Glasgow (author)
Cornelissen, GertPompeu Fabra University (Spain, Barcelona) - UPF (author)
Dawson, Ian G JUniversity of Southampton (author)
Freddi, EleonoraTelenor (Norway, Sandvika) (author)
Fries, TilmanSocial Science Research Center Berlin (author)
Gasiorowska, AgataUniversity of Social Sciences and Humanities (author)
Glogowsky, UlrichJohannes Kepler University of Linz (author)
M Gorny, PaulKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (author)
Gretton, Jeremy DavidUniversity of Waterloo (author)
Grohmann, AntoniaAarhus University (author)
Dimant, EugenUniversity of Pennsylvania (author)
Delnoij, JoyceWageningen University & Research (author)
Demiral, Elif EAustin Peay State University (author)
Fiala, LenkaUniversity of Bergen (author)
Fiedler, SusannVienna University of Economics and Business (Austria, Vienna) - WU (author)
Doerflinger, Johannes TheodorUniversity of Konstanz (author)
Dold, MaltePomona College (author)
University of AmsterdamVrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Netherlands, Amsterdam) - VU (creator_code:org_t)

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In:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS: National Academy of Sciences120:231091-64900027-8424

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By the author/editor: Brütt, Katharina; Weitzel, Utz; Kirchler, Michae ...; Huber, Christoph; Dreber, Anna; Huber, Jürgen; show more...; Johannesson, Mag ...; Abellán, Miguel; Adayeva, Xeniya; Ay, Fehime Ceren; Barron, Kai; Berry, Zachariah; Bönte, Werner; Urbig, Diemo; Vorlaufer, Tobia ...; Waibel, Joschka; Woods, Daniel; Yakobi, Ofir; Schmitz, Jan; Zaleskiewicz, To ...; Zeisberger, Stef ...; Holzmeister, Fel ...; Yilmaz, Onurcan; Hafenbrädl, Seba ...; Handgraaf, Miche ...; Schneider, Flori ...; Schram, Arthur; Schudy, Simeon; Schweitzer, Maur ...; Hart, Einav; Hennig, Max; Hudja, Stanton; Hanoch, Yaniv; Hütter, Mandy; Hyndman, Kyle; Ioannidis, Konst ...; Isler, Ozan; Khadjavi, Menusc ...; Jeworrek, Sabrin ...; Jolles, Daniel; Juanchich, Marie; Kc, Raghabendra ...; Kugler, Tamar; Li, Shuwen; Lucas, Brian; Mak, Vincent; Mechtel, Mario; Merkle, Christop ...; Meyers, Ethan An ...; Mollerstrom, Joh ...; Nesterov, Alexan ...; Neyse, Levent; Nieken, Petra; Nussberger, Anne ...; Palumbo, Helena; Peters, Kim; Pirrone, Angelo; Qin, Xiangdong; Rahal, Rima Mari ...; Rau, Holger; Ronzani, Piero; Roth, Yefim; Rincke, Johannes; Saral, Ali Seyhu ...; Schwieren, Chris ...; Scopelliti, Iren ...; Sirota, Miroslav; Sonnemans, Joep; Soraperra, Ivan; Spantig, Lisa; Steimanis, Ivo; Steinmetz, Janin ...; Suetens, Sigrid; Theodoropoulou, ...; Bulutay, Muhamme ...; Campos-Mercade, ...; Cardella, Eric; Emery, Cécile; Claassen, Maria ...; Cornelissen, Ger ...; Dawson, Ian G J; Freddi, Eleonora; Fries, Tilman; Gasiorowska, Aga ...; Glogowsky, Ulric ...; M Gorny, Paul; Gretton, Jeremy ...; Grohmann, Antoni ...; Dimant, Eugen; Delnoij, Joyce; Demiral, Elif E; Fiala, Lenka; Fiedler, Susann; Doerflinger, Joh ...; Dold, Malte; show less...

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SOCIAL SCIENCES: SOCIAL SCIENCES; and Economics and Bu ...; and Economics

SOCIAL SCIENCES: SOCIAL SCIENCES; and Psychology; and Psychology

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