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LIBRIS Formathandbok  (Information om MARC21)
FältnamnIndikatorerMetadata
00012723naa a2200949 4500
001oai:lup.lub.lu.se:3563c7e4-5ddd-4daa-ad37-fea19cecb275
003SwePub
008190223s2018 | |||||||||||000 ||eng|
0247 a https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/3563c7e4-5ddd-4daa-ad37-fea19cecb2752 URI
0247 a https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6231-20182 DOI
040 a (SwePub)lu
041 a engb eng
042 9 SwePub
072 7a art2 swepub-publicationtype
072 7a ref2 swepub-contenttype
1001 a DeMott, Paul J.u Colorado State University4 aut
2451 0a The Fifth International Workshop on Ice Nucleation phase 2 (FIN-02) : Laboratory intercomparison of ice nucleation measurements
264 c 2018-11-19
264 1b Copernicus GmbH,c 2018
300 a 27 s.
520 a The second phase of the Fifth International Ice Nucleation Workshop (FIN-02) involved the gathering of a large number of researchers at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology's Aerosol Interactions and Dynamics of the Atmosphere (AIDA) facility to promote characterization and understanding of ice nucleation measurements made by a variety of methods used worldwide. Compared to the previous workshop in 2007, participation was doubled, reflecting a vibrant research area. Experimental methods involved sampling of aerosol particles by direct processing ice nucleation measuring systems from the same volume of air in separate experiments using different ice nucleating particle (INP) types, and collections of aerosol particle samples onto filters or into liquid for sharing amongst measurement techniques that post-process these samples. In this manner, any errors introduced by differences in generation methods when samples are shared across laboratories were mitigated. Furthermore, as much as possible, aerosol particle size distribution was controlled so that the size limitations of different methods were minimized. The results presented here use data from the workshop to assess the comparability of immersion freezing measurement methods activating INPs in bulk suspensions, methods that activate INPs in condensation and/or immersion freezing modes as single particles on a substrate, continuous flow diffusion chambers (CFDCs) directly sampling and processing particles well above water saturation to maximize immersion and subsequent freezing of aerosol particles, and expansion cloud chamber simulations in which liquid cloud droplets were first activated on aerosol particles prior to freezing. The AIDA expansion chamber measurements are expected to be the closest representation to INP activation in atmospheric cloud parcels in these comparisons, due to exposing particles freely to adiabatic cooling. The different particle types used as INPs included the minerals illite NX and potassium feldspar (K-feldspar), two natural soil dusts representative of arable sandy loam (Argentina) and highly erodible sandy dryland (Tunisia) soils, respectively, and a bacterial INP (Snomax®). Considered together, the agreement among post-processed immersion freezing measurements of the numbers and fractions of particles active at different temperatures following bulk collection of particles into liquid was excellent, with possible temperature uncertainties inferred to be a key factor in determining INP uncertainties. Collection onto filters for rinsing versus directly into liquid in impingers made little difference. For methods that activated collected single particles on a substrate at a controlled humidity at or above water saturation, agreement with immersion freezing methods was good in most cases, but was biased low in a few others for reasons that have not been resolved, but could relate to water vapor competition effects. Amongst CFDC-style instruments, various factors requiring (variable) higher supersaturations to achieve equivalent immersion freezing activation dominate the uncertainty between these measurements, and for comparison with bulk immersion freezing methods. When operated above water saturation to include assessment of immersion freezing, CFDC measurements often measured at or above the upper bound of immersion freezing device measurements, but often underestimated INP concentration in comparison to an immersion freezing method that first activates all particles into liquid droplets prior to cooling (the PIMCA-PINC device, or Portable Immersion Mode Cooling chAmber-Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber), and typically slightly underestimated INP number concentrations in comparison to cloud parcel expansions in the AIDA chamber; this can be largely mitigated when it is possible to raise the relative humidity to sufficiently high values in the CFDCs, although this is not always possible operationally. Correspondence of measurements of INPs among direct sampling and post-processing systems varied depending on the INP type. Agreement was best for Snomax® particles in the temperature regime colder than -10°C, where their ice nucleation activity is nearly maximized and changes very little with temperature. At temperatures warmer than -10°C, Snomax® INP measurements (all via freezing of suspensions) demonstrated discrepancies consistent with previous reports of the instability of its protein aggregates that appear to make it less suitable as a calibration INP at these temperatures. For Argentinian soil dust particles, there was excellent agreement across all measurement methods; measures ranged within 1 order of magnitude for INP number concentrations, active fractions and calculated active site densities over a 25 to 30°C range and 5 to 8 orders of corresponding magnitude change in number concentrations. This was also the case for all temperatures warmer than -25°C in Tunisian dust experiments. In contrast, discrepancies in measurements of INP concentrations or active site densities that exceeded 2 orders of magnitude across a broad range of temperature measurements found at temperatures warmer than -25°C in a previous study were replicated for illite NX. Discrepancies also exceeded 2 orders of magnitude at temperatures of -20 to -25°C for potassium feldspar (K-feldspar), but these coincided with the range of temperatures at which INP concentrations increase rapidly at approximately an order of magnitude per 2°C cooling for K-feldspar. These few discrepancies did not outweigh the overall positive outcomes of the workshop activity, nor the future utility of this data set or future similar efforts for resolving remaining measurement issues. Measurements of the same materials were repeatable over the time of the workshop and demonstrated strong consistency with prior studies, as reflected by agreement of data broadly with parameterizations of different specific or general (e.g., soil dust) aerosol types. The divergent measurements of the INP activity of illite NX by direct versus post-processing methods were not repeated for other particle types, and the Snomax° data demonstrated that, at least for a biological INP type, there is no expected measurement bias between bulk collection and direct immediately processed freezing methods to as warm as -10°C. Since particle size ranges were limited for this workshop, it can be expected that for atmospheric populations of INPs, measurement discrepancies will appear due to the different capabilities of methods for sampling the full aerosol size distribution, or due to limitations on achieving sufficient water supersaturations to fully capture immersion freezing in direct processing instruments. Overall, this workshop presents an improved picture of present capabilities for measuring INPs than in past workshops, and provides direction toward addressing remaining measurement issues.
650 7a NATURVETENSKAPx Fysikx Subatomär fysik0 (SwePub)103012 hsv//swe
650 7a NATURAL SCIENCESx Physical Sciencesx Subatomic Physics0 (SwePub)103012 hsv//eng
7001 a Möhler, Ottmaru Karlsruhe Institute of Technology4 aut
7001 a Cziczo, Daniel J.u Massachusetts Institute of Technology4 aut
7001 a Hiranuma, Narukiu Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,West Texas A&M University4 aut
7001 a Petters, Markus D.u North Carolina State University4 aut
7001 a Petters, Sarah S.u North Carolina State University,University of North Carolina4 aut
7001 a Belosi, Francou CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC)4 aut
7001 a Bingemer, Heinz G.u Goethe University4 aut
7001 a Brooks, Sarah D.u Texas A and M University4 aut
7001 a Budke, Carstenu Bielefeld University4 aut
7001 a Burkert-Kohn, Monikau ETH Zürich4 aut
7001 a Collier, Kristen N.u Texas A and M University4 aut
7001 a Danielczok, Anjau Goethe University,German Meteorological Service (DWD)4 aut
7001 a Eppers, Oliveru Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz4 aut
7001 a Felgitsch, Laurau Technical University Vienna (TU Wien)4 aut
7001 a Garimella, Sarveshu Massachusetts Institute of Technology,ACME AtronOmatic, LLC4 aut
7001 a Grothe, Hinrichu Technical University Vienna (TU Wien)4 aut
7001 a Herenz, Paulu Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS)4 aut
7001 a Hill, Thomas C.J.u Colorado State University4 aut
7001 a Höhler, Kristinau Karlsruhe Institute of Technology4 aut
7001 a Kanji, Zamin A.u ETH Zürich4 aut
7001 a Kiselev, Alexeiu Karlsruhe Institute of Technology4 aut
7001 a Koop, Thomasu Bielefeld University4 aut
7001 a Kristensen, Thomas B.u Lund University,Lunds universitet,Kärnfysik,Fysiska institutionen,Institutioner vid LTH,Lunds Tekniska Högskola,Nuclear physics,Department of Physics,Departments at LTH,Faculty of Engineering, LTH4 aut0 (Swepub:lu)th3704bj
7001 a Krüger, Konstantinu Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Goethe University4 aut
7001 a Kulkarni, Gouriharu Pacific Northwest National Laboratory4 aut
7001 a Levin, Ezra J.T.u Colorado State University4 aut
7001 a Murray, Benjamin J.u University of Leeds4 aut
7001 a Nicosia, Alessiau Laboratoire de Méteorologie Physique (LaMP-CNRS),CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC)4 aut
7001 a O'Sullivan, Danielu University of Leeds,National Health Service Trust, NHS England4 aut
7001 a Peckhaus, Andreasu German Aerospace Center (DLR),Karlsruhe Institute of Technology4 aut
7001 a Polen, Michael J.u Carnegie Mellon University4 aut
7001 a Price, Hannah C.u University of Leeds4 aut
7001 a Reicher, Naamau Weizmann Institute of Science Israel4 aut
7001 a Rothenberg, Daniel A.u Massachusetts Institute of Technology4 aut
7001 a Rudich, Yinonu Weizmann Institute of Science Israel4 aut
7001 a Santachiara, Gianniu CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC)4 aut
7001 a Schiebel, Theau Karlsruhe Institute of Technology4 aut
7001 a Schrod, Jannu Goethe University4 aut
7001 a Seifried, Teresa M.u Technical University Vienna (TU Wien)4 aut
7001 a Stratmann, Franku Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS)4 aut
7001 a Sullivan, Ryan C.u Carnegie Mellon University4 aut
7001 a Suski, Kaitlyn J.u Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,Colorado State University4 aut
7001 a Szakáll, Miklósu Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz4 aut
7001 a Taylor, Hans P.u North Carolina State University4 aut
7001 a Ullrich, Romyu Karlsruhe Institute of Technology4 aut
7001 a Vergara-Temprado, Jesusu University of Leeds,ETH Zürich4 aut
7001 a Wagner, Robertu Karlsruhe Institute of Technology4 aut
7001 a Whale, Thomas F.u University of Leeds4 aut
7001 a Weber, Danielu Goethe University4 aut
7001 a Welti, Andréu Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS),Finnish Meteorological Institute4 aut
7001 a Wilson, Theodore W.u University of Leeds,Owlstone Medical Ltd.4 aut
7001 a Wolf, Martin J.u Massachusetts Institute of Technology4 aut
7001 a Zenker, Jakeu Texas A and M University4 aut
7102 a Colorado State Universityb Karlsruhe Institute of Technology4 org
7730 t Atmospheric Measurement Techniquesd : Copernicus GmbHg 11:11, s. 6231-6257q 11:11<6231-6257x 1867-1381x 1867-8548
8564 u http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6231-2018y FULLTEXT
8564 u https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/11/6231/2018/amt-11-6231-2018.pdf
8564 8u https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/3563c7e4-5ddd-4daa-ad37-fea19cecb275
8564 8u https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6231-2018

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