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Stochastic model for COVID-19 in slums: interaction between biology and public policies
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- Solari, Hernán G. (author)
- University of Buenos Aires
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- Natiello, Mario (author)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Dynamiska system,Forskargrupper vid Lunds universitet,Matematik LTH,Matematikcentrum,Institutioner vid LTH,Lunds Tekniska Högskola,Dynamical systems,Lund University Research Groups,Mathematics (Faculty of Engineering),Centre for Mathematical Sciences,Departments at LTH,Faculty of Engineering, LTH
- (creator_code:org_t)
- 2021
- 2021
- English 15 s.
- In: Epidemiology and Infection. - 0950-2688. ; 149
- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract
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- We present a mathematical model for the simulation of the development of an outbreak of COVID-19 in a slum area under different interventions. Instead of representing interventions as modulations of the parameters of a free running epidemic we introduce a model structure that accounts for the actions but does not assume the results. The disease is modelled in terms of the progression of viremia reported in scientific works. The emergence of symptoms in the model reflects the statistics of a nation-wide highly detailed database consisting of more than 62000 cases (about a half of the confirmed by RT-PCR tests) with recorded symptoms in Argentina. The stochastic model displays several of the characteristics of COVID-19 such as a high variability in the evolution of the outbreaks, including long periods in which they run undetected, spontaneous extinction followed by a late outbreak and unimodal as well as bimodal progressions of daily counts of cases (second waves without ad-hoc hypothesis). We show how the relation between undetected cases (including the 'asymptomatic' cases) and detected cases changes as a function of the public policies, the efficiency of the implementation and the timing with respect to the development of the outbreak. We show also that the relation between detected cases and total cases strongly depends on the implemented policies and that detected cases cannot be regarded as a measure of the outbreak, being the dependency between total cases and detected cases in general not monotonic as a function of the efficiency in the intervention method. According to the model, it is possible to control an outbreak with interventions based on the detection of symptoms only in the case when the presence of just one symptom prompts isolation and the detection efficiency reaches about 80% of the cases. Requesting two symptoms to trigger intervention can be enough to fail in the goals.
Subject headings
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Hälsovetenskap -- Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Health Sciences -- Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Matematik -- Annan matematik (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Mathematics -- Other Mathematics (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- stochastic compartmental model
- viremic levels
- surveillance protocols
- Markov Jump process
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- ref (subject category)
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