Entropy-Controlled and Enantiodivergent Lewis Acid Catalysis in Water

• Developing new and useful methods in asymmetric catalysis is of continuous importance. A current challenge is to address the imperatives of green chemistry, such that processes maximize resource-efficiency and minimize the generation of waste. To this end, this article discloses the potential of alpha-amino acids in the development of entropy-controlled and enantiodivergent Lewis acid catalysis. In an ytterbium-catalyzed aqueous Michael addition reaction, natural alpha-amino acids induced not only a large rate acceleration, but also an unusual and remarkable reversed temperature effect on enantioselectivity. As demonstrated with 17 alpha-amino acids, the enantioselectivity of the reaction can be significantly altered, and even reversed, simply by modifying the reaction temperature. After determining differential thermodynamic activation parameters, it was revealed that an unusually large entropy contribution was responsible for the observed effects. By further correlation to the influence of the aqueous medium, we put forward the concept of stereospecific aqueous solvation (SAS), which describes the bearing of aqueous solvation on the equilibrium of diastereomeric transition states, and thus on the R/S ratio of the product.

Subject headings

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Kemi -- Organisk kemi (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Chemical Sciences -- Organic Chemistry (hsv//eng)

Keyword

water

Michael reaction

Lewis acid

enantioselective

catalysis

Publication and Content Type

art (subject category)

ref (subject category)