β-cell Failure in Type 2 Diabetes: Postulated Mechanisms and Prospects for Prevention and Treatment.

• Objective: This report examines the foundation of β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes and suggests areas for future research on the underlying mechanisms that may lead to improved prevention and treatment. Participants: A group of experts participated in a conference on October 14-16, 2013 cosponsored by The Endocrine Society and the American Diabetes Association. A writing group prepared this summary and recommendations. Evidence: The writing group based this report on conference presentations, discussion, and debate. Topics covered include genetic predisposition, the foundations of β-cell failure, natural history of β-cell failure, and impact of therapeutic interventions. Conclusions: β-cell failure is central to the development and progression of type 2 diabetes. It antedates and predicts diabetes onset and progression, is in part genetically determined, and often can be identified with accuracy even though current tests are cumbersome and not well standardized. Multiple pathways underlie decreased β-cell function and mass, some of which may be shared and may also be a consequence of processes that initially caused dysfunction. Goals for future research include: 1) Impact the natural history of β-cell failure; 2) Identify and characterize genetic loci for type 2 diabetes; 3) Target β-cell signaling, metabolic, and genetic pathways to improve function/mass; 4) Develop alternative sources of β-cells for cell-based therapy; 5) Focus on metabolic environment to provide indirect benefit to β-cells; 6) Improve understanding of the physiology of responses to bypass surgery; 7) Identify circulating factors and neuronal circuits underlying the axis of communication between the brain and β-cells.

Subject headings

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Klinisk medicin -- Endokrinologi och diabetes (hsv//swe)

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Clinical Medicine -- Endocrinology and Diabetes (hsv//eng)

Publication and Content Type

art (subject category)

ref (subject category)