NF-E2-related factor 2 activation boosts antioxidant defenses and ameliorates inflammatory and amyloid properties in human Presenilin-1 mutated Alzheimer's disease astrocytes

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common dementia affecting a vast number of individuals and significantly impairing quality of life. Despite extensive research in animal models and numerous promising treatment trials, there is still no curative treatment for AD. Astrocytes, the most common cell type of the central nervous system, have been shown to play a role in the major AD pathologies, including accumulation of amyloid plaques, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Here, we show that inflammatory stimulation leads to metabolic activation of human astrocytes and reduces amyloid secretion. On the other hand, the activation of oxidative metabolism leads to increased reactive oxygen species production especially in AD astrocytes. While healthy astrocytes increase glutathione (GSH) release to protect the cells, Presenilin-1-mutated AD patient astrocytes do not. Thus, chronic inflammation is likely to induce oxidative damage in AD astrocytes. Activation of NRF2, the major regulator of cellular antioxidant defenses, encoded by the NFE2L2 gene, poses several beneficial effects on AD astrocytes. We report here that the activation of NRF2 pathway reduces amyloid secretion, normalizes cytokine release, and increases GSH secretion in AD astrocytes. NRF2 induction also activates the metabolism of astrocytes and increases the utilization of glycolysis. Taken together, targeting NRF2 in astrocytes could be a potent therapeutic strategy in AD.

Hyötyläinen, IdaUniversity of Eastern Finland (author)
Trontti, KaleviUniversity of Helsinki (author)
Rolova, TaisiaUniversity of Helsinki (author)
Wojciechowski, SaraUniversity of Eastern Finland (author)
Koskuvi, MarjaUniversity of Helsinki,University of Eastern Finland (author)
Viitanen, MattiKarolinska Institutet (author)
Levonen, Anna LiisaUniversity of Eastern Finland (author)
Hovatta, IirisUniversity of Helsinki (author)
Roybon, LaurentLund University,Lunds universitet,Stamcellslaboratoriet för sjukdomsmodellering i det centrala nervsystemet,Forskargrupper vid Lunds universitet,IPSC Laboratory for CNS Disease Modeling,Lund University Research Groups(Swepub:lu)mphy-lra (author)
Lehtonen, ŠárkaUniversity of Eastern Finland,University of Helsinki (author)
Kanninen, Katja M.University of Eastern Finland (author)
Hämäläinen, Riikka H.University of Eastern Finland (author)
Koistinaho, JariUniversity of Eastern Finland,University of Helsinki (author)
University of Eastern FinlandUniversity of Helsinki (creator_code:org_t)

By the author/editor: Oksanen, Minna; Hyötyläinen, Ida; Trontti, Kalevi; Rolova, Taisia; Wojciechowski, S ...; Koskuvi, Marja; show more...; Viitanen, Matti; Levonen, Anna Li ...; Hovatta, Iiris; Roybon, Laurent; Lehtonen, Šárka; Kanninen, Katja ...; Hämäläinen, Riik ...; Koistinaho, Jari; show less...

About the subject

NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Biological Scien ...; and Immunology

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Basic Medicine; and Immunology in th ...

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