Entropy solutions of a scalar conservation law modeling sedimentation in vessels with varying cross-sectional area

• The sedimentation of an ideal suspension in a vessel with variable cross-sectional area can be described by an initial-boundary value problem for a scalar nonlinear hyperbolic conservation law with a nonconvex flux function and a weight function that depends on spatial position. The sought unknown is the local solids' volume fraction. For the most important cases of vessels with downward-decreasing cross-sectional area and flux functions with at most one infection point, entropy solutions of this problem are constructed by the method of characteristics. Solutions exhibit discontinuities that mostly travel at variable speed, i.e., they are curved in the space-time plane. These trajectories are given by ordinary differential equations that arise from the jump condition. It is shown that three qualitatively different solutions may occur in dependence of the initial concentration. The potential application of the findings is a new method of flux identification via settling tests in a suitably shaped vessel. Related models also arise in flows of vehicular traffic, pedestrians, in pipes with varying cross-sectional area, and on curved surfaces.

Subject headings

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Matematik (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Mathematics (hsv//eng)

Keyword

Conservation law

Method of characteristics

Shock wave

Variable cross section

Publication and Content Type

art (subject category)

ref (subject category)