The Role of Cow’s Milk Consumption in Breast Cancer Initiation and Progression

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The Role of Cow’s Milk Consumption in Breast Cancer Initiation and Progression

Melnik, Bodo C. (author): University of Osnabrück

John, Swen Malte (author): University of Osnabrück

Carrera-Bastos, Pedro (author): Lund University,Lunds universitet,Allmänmedicin och klinisk epidemiologi,Forskargrupper vid Lunds universitet,Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology,Lund University Research Groups,European University of Madrid,Skåne University Hospital

Cordain, Loren (author): Colorado State University

Leitzmann, Claus (author): Justus Liebig University Giessen

Weiskirchen, Ralf (author): Universitätsklinikum der RWTH Aachen

Schmitz, Gerd (author): University Hospital Regensburg

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2023-02-02
2023
English 19 s.
In: Current Nutrition Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2161-3311. ; 12:1, s. 122-140

Related links:: http://dx.doi.org/10... (free); show more...; https://lup.lub.lu.s...; https://doi.org/10.1...; show less...

Research review (peer-reviewed)

Abstract Subject headings

Purpose of Review: This review evaluates cow milk’s impact on breast carcinogenesis by linking recent epidemiological evidence and new insights into the molecular signaling of milk and its constituents in breast cancer (BCa) pathogenesis. Recent Findings: Recent prospective cohort studies support the association between cow’s milk consumption and the risk of estrogen receptor-α-positive (ER+) BCa. Milk is a complex biological fluid that increases systemic insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin and estrogen signaling, and interacting hormonal promoters of BCa. Further potential oncogenic components of commercial milk include exosomal microRNAs (miR-148a-3p, miR-21-5p), bovine meat and milk factors, aflatoxin M1, bisphenol A, pesticides, and micro- and nanoplastics. Individuals with BRCA1 loss-of-function mutations and FTO and IGF1 gain-of-function polymorphisms enhancing IGF-1/mTORC1 signaling may be at increased risk for milk-induced ER+ BCa. Summary: Recent prospective epidemiological and pathobiochemical studies identify commercial milk consumption as a critical risk factor of ER+ BCa. Large meta-analyses gathering individuals of different ethnic origins with milk derived from dairy cows of varying genetic backgrounds and diverse feeding procedures as well as missing data on thermal processing of milk (pasteurization versus ultra-heat treatment) make multi-national meta-analyses unsuitable for BCa risk estimations in susceptible populations. Future studies are required that consider all vulnerable periods of breast carcinogenesis to cow’s milk exposure, beginning during the perinatal period and puberty, since these are the most critical periods of mammary gland morphogenesis. Notwithstanding the need for better studies including detailed information on milk processing and vulnerable periods of human breast carcinogenesis, the available evidence suggests that dietary guidelines on milk consumption may have to be reconsidered.

Subject headings

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Klinisk medicin -- Cancer och onkologi (hsv//swe)
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Clinical Medicine -- Cancer and Oncology (hsv//eng)

Keyword

BRCA1
Breast cancer
Cow’s milk consumption
Estrogens
Exosomal microRNAs
Fat mass and obesity-associated gene
Insulin-like growth factor 1

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By the author/editor: Melnik, Bodo C.; John, Swen Malte; Carrera-Bastos, ...; Cordain, Loren; Leitzmann, Claus; Weiskirchen, Ral ...; show more...; Schmitz, Gerd; show less...

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MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Clinical Medicin ...; and Cancer and Oncol ...

Articles in the publication: Current Nutritio ...

By the university: Lund University

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