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- Azizi, Z (author)
Importance of sex and gender factors for COVID-19 infection and hospitalisation: a sex-stratified analysis using machine learning in UK Biobank data
- Article/chapterEnglish2022
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- 2022-05-18
- BMJ,2022
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- LIBRIS-ID:oai:prod.swepub.kib.ki.se:149632090
- http://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:149632090URI
- https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050450DOI
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- Language:English
- Summary in:English
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- To examine sex and gender roles in COVID-19 test positivity and hospitalisation in sex-stratified predictive models using machine learning.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingUK Biobank prospective cohort.ParticipantsParticipants tested between 16 March 2020 and 18 May 2020 were analysed.Main outcome measuresThe endpoints of the study were COVID-19 test positivity and hospitalisation. Forty-two individuals’ demographics, psychosocial factors and comorbidities were used as likely determinants of outcomes. Gradient boosting machine was used for building prediction models.ResultsOf 4510 individuals tested (51.2% female, mean age=68.5±8.9 years), 29.4% tested positive. Males were more likely to be positive than females (31.6% vs 27.3%, p=0.001). In females, living in more deprived areas, lower income, increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, working night shifts and living with a greater number of family members were associated with a higher likelihood of COVID-19 positive test. While in males, greater body mass index and LDL to HDL ratio were the factors associated with a positive test. Older age and adverse cardiometabolic characteristics were the most prominent variables associated with hospitalisation of test-positive patients in both overall and sex-stratified models.ConclusionHigh-risk jobs, crowded living arrangements and living in deprived areas were associated with increased COVID-19 infection in females, while high-risk cardiometabolic characteristics were more influential in males. Gender-related factors have a greater impact on females; hence, they should be considered in identifying priority groups for COVID-19 infection vaccination campaigns.
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- Shiba, Y (author)
- Alipour, P (author)
- Maleki, F (author)
- Raparelli, V (author)
- Norris, C (author)
- Forghani, R (author)
- Pilote, L (author)
- El Emam, K (author)
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- In:BMJ open: BMJ12:5, s. e050450-2044-6055
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