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Energizing Star For...
Energizing Star Formation: The Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate in NGC 253 Derived from ALCHEMI Measurements of H3O+ and SO
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- Holdship, Jonathan (author)
- University College London (UCL),Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
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- Mangum, Jeffrey G. (author)
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory
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- Viti, Serena (author)
- Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL),University College London (UCL)
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- Behrens, Erica (author)
- University of Virginia
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- Harada, Nanase (author)
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
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- Martin, Sergio (author)
- European Southern Observatory Santiago,Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array (ALMA)
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- Sakamoto, Kazushi (author)
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
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- Muller, Sebastien, 1976 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Tanaka, Kunihiko (author)
- Keio University
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- Nakanishi, Kouichiro (author)
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
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- Herrero-Illana, Ruben (author)
- Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas,Spanish National Research Council,European Southern Observatory Santiago
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- Yoshimura, Yuki (author)
- University of Tokyo, Japan
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- Aladro, Rebeca (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- Colzi, Laura (author)
- Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas,Spanish National Research Council,Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
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- Emig, Kimberly L. (author)
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory
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- Henkel, Christian (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG),King Abdulaziz University
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- Nishimura, Yuri (author)
- University of Tokyo, Japan,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
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- Rivilla, Victor M. (author)
- Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas,Spanish National Research Council,Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
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- van der Werf, Paul P. (author)
- Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2022-05-27
- 2022
- English.
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In: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 931:2
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Abstract
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- The cosmic-ray ionization rate (CRIR) is a key parameter in understanding the physical and chemical processes in the interstellar medium. Cosmic rays are a significant source of energy in star formation regions, impacting the physical and chemical processes that drive the formation of stars. Previous studies of the circum-molecular zone of the starburst galaxy NGC 253 have found evidence for a high CRIR value: 10(3)-10(6) times the average CRIR within the Milky Way. This is a broad constraint, and one goal of this study is to determine this value with much higher precision. We exploit ALMA observations toward the central molecular zone of NGC 253 to measure the CRIR. We first demonstrate that the abundance ratio of H3O+ and SO is strongly sensitive to the CRIR. We then combine chemical and radiative transfer models with nested sampling to infer the gas properties and CRIR of several star-forming regions in NGC 253 from emission from their transitions. We find that each of the four regions modeled has a CRIR in the range (1-80) x 10(-14) s(-1) and that this result adequately fits the abundances of other species that are believed to be sensitive to cosmic rays, including C2H, HCO+, HOC+, and CO. From shock and photon-dominated/X-ray dominated region models, we further find that neither UV-/X-ray-driven nor shock-dominated chemistry is a viable single alternative as none of these processes can adequately fit the abundances of all of these species.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Fysik -- Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Physical Sciences -- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Fysik -- Atom- och molekylfysik och optik (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Physical Sciences -- Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Fysik -- Annan fysik (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Physical Sciences -- Other Physics Topics (hsv//eng)
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- By the author/editor
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Holdship, Jonath ...
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Mangum, Jeffrey ...
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Viti, Serena
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Behrens, Erica
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Harada, Nanase
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Martin, Sergio
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Sakamoto, Kazush ...
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Muller, Sebastie ...
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Tanaka, Kunihiko
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Nakanishi, Kouic ...
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Herrero-Illana, ...
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Yoshimura, Yuki
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Aladro, Rebeca
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Colzi, Laura
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Emig, Kimberly L ...
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Henkel, Christia ...
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Nishimura, Yuri
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Rivilla, Victor ...
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van der Werf, Pa ...
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
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NATURAL SCIENCES
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and Physical Science ...
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and Astronomy Astrop ...
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
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NATURAL SCIENCES
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and Physical Science ...
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and Atom and Molecul ...
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
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NATURAL SCIENCES
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and Physical Science ...
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and Other Physics To ...
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Chalmers University of Technology