Development and Validation of a Human-Body Mathematical Model for Simulation of Car-Pedestrian Impacts

• The aim of this study was to develop a 3D mathematical model of the human body to simulateresponses of pedestrians in car impacts with emphasis on the lower extremities and the head. Themodel, implemented by using MADYMO-GEBOD program, consists of fifteen body segmentsconnected by fourteen joints, including two human-like knee joints and two breakable leg segmentswhich allow to simulate the knee responses associated with leg fracture.The model was verified by using published sled impact tests with cadavers in terms of kinematicsof the pedestrian substitutes, accelerations of the body segments, and failure description fromanatomical investigations of the pedestrian substitutes. The sensitivity of the model to input variableswas studied at impact speeds of 15 and 40 km/h with the following parameters: bumper height,bumper stiffness, bumper lead distance, height of hood-edge, hood-edge stiffness, and impact speed.The validated model demonstrated its capability in simulations of car-pedestrian impacts to predict riskof pedestrian injuries and to develop safety countermeasures for pedestrian protection.

Subject headings

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Matematik -- Beräkningsmatematik (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Mathematics -- Computational Mathematics (hsv//eng)

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Fysik -- Annan fysik (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Physical Sciences -- Other Physics Topics (hsv//eng)

TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER  -- Maskinteknik -- Farkostteknik (hsv//swe)

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY  -- Mechanical Engineering -- Vehicle Engineering (hsv//eng)

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