The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: V. Second data release

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Shimwell, T. W.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) (author)

The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: V. Second data release

Article/chapterEnglish2022

Publisher, publication year, extent ...

2022-02-25
EDP Sciences,2022
electronicrdacarrier

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LIBRIS-ID:oai:research.chalmers.se:2263c8bc-a318-40a7-88b5-e4c94ce9f5fd
https://research.chalmers.se/publication/529127URI
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142484DOI

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Language:English
Summary in:English

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SwePubSwePub

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Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype
Subject category:ref swepub-contenttype

Notes

In this data release from the ongoing LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) Two-metre Sky Survey we present 120a 168 MHz images covering 27% of the northern sky. Our coverage is split into two regions centred at approximately 12h45m +44 30a and 1h00m +28 00a and spanning 4178 and 1457 square degrees respectively. The images were derived from 3451 h (7.6 PB) of LOFAR High Band Antenna data which were corrected for the direction-independent instrumental properties as well as direction-dependent ionospheric distortions during extensive, but fully automated, data processing. A catalogue of 4 396 228 radio sources is derived from our total intensity (Stokes I) maps, where the majority of these have never been detected at radio wavelengths before. At 6a resolution, our full bandwidth Stokes I continuum maps with a central frequency of 144 MHz have: a median rms sensitivity of 83 μJy beama 1; a flux density scale accuracy of approximately 10%; an astrometric accuracy of 0.2a; and we estimate the point-source completeness to be 90% at a peak brightness of 0.8 mJy beama 1. By creating three 16 MHz bandwidth images across the band we are able to measure the in-band spectral index of many sources, albeit with an error on the derived spectral index of > a ±a 0.2 which is a consequence of our flux-density scale accuracy and small fractional bandwidth. Our circular polarisation (Stokes V) 20a resolution 120a168 MHz continuum images have a median rms sensitivity of 95 μJy beama 1, and we estimate a Stokes I to Stokes V leakage of 0.056%. Our linear polarisation (Stokes Q and Stokes U) image cubes consist of 480a A a 97.6 kHz wide planes and have a median rms sensitivity per plane of 10.8 mJy beama 1 at 4a and 2.2 mJy beama 1 at 20a; we estimate the Stokes I to Stokes Q/U leakage to be approximately 0.2%. Here we characterise and publicly release our Stokes I, Q, U and V images in addition to the calibrated uv-data to facilitate the thorough scientific exploitation of this unique dataset.

Subject headings and genre

NATURVETENSKAP Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap Geofysik hsv//swe
NATURAL SCIENCES Earth and Related Environmental Sciences Geophysics hsv//eng
TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER Elektroteknik och elektronik Signalbehandling hsv//swe
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering Signal Processing hsv//eng
TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER Medicinteknik Medicinsk bildbehandling hsv//swe
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Medical Engineering Medical Image Processing hsv//eng
Techniques: image processing
Surveys
Catalogs
Radio continuum: general

Added entries (persons, corporate bodies, meetings, titles ...)

Hardcastle, M. J.University of Hertfordshire (author)
Tasse, C.Observatoire de Paris,Paris Observatory (author)
Best, P. N.University of Edinburgh (author)
Röttgering, H. J.A.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
Williams, W. L.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
Botteon, A.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
Drabent, A.Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (author)
Mechev, A. P.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
Shulevski, A.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
van Weeren, R.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
Bester, L.Rhodes University (author)
Bruggen, M.Universität Hamburg,University of Hamburg (author)
Brunetti, G.Istituto di Radioastronomia (author)
Callingham, J. R.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) (author)
Chyz̊y, K.T.Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland (author)
Conway, John,1963Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)jconway (author)
Dijkema, T. J.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) (author)
Duncan, K.University of Edinburgh (author)
De Gasperin, F.Universität Hamburg,University of Hamburg (author)
Hale, C.University of Edinburgh (author)
Haverkorn, M.Radboud Universiteit,Radboud University (author)
Hugo, B.Rhodes University (author)
Jackson, N.University of Manchester (author)
Mevius, M.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) (author)
Miley, G. K.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
Morabito, L.Durham University (author)
Morganti, R.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) (author)
Offringa, A. R.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) (author)
Oonk, J. B. R.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) (author)
Rafferty, D.Universität Hamburg,University of Hamburg (author)
Sabater, J.University of Edinburgh (author)
Smith, D.J.B.University of Hertfordshire (author)
Schwarz, D. J.Universität Bielefeld,Bielefeld University (author)
Smirnov, O.Rhodes University (author)
Oasullivan, S.P.Dublin City University (author)
Vedantham, Harish K.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) (author)
White, G.J.STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (author)
Albert, J.G.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
Alegre, L.University of Edinburgh (author)
Asabere, B.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) (author)
Bacon, D.J.University of Portsmouth (author)
Bonafede, A.Universität Hamburg,University of Hamburg (author)
Bonnassieux, E.Universita di Bologna,University of Bologna (author)
Brienza, M.Istituto di Radioastronomia (author)
Bilicki, M.Polish Academy of Sciences (author)
Bonato, M.Istituto di Radioastronomia (author)
Calistro Rivera, G.European Southern Observatory (ESO) (author)
Cassano, R.Istituto di Radioastronomia (author)
Cochrane, R.Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (author)
Croston, J. H.Open University (author)
Cuciti, V.Universität Hamburg,University of Hamburg (author)
Dallacasa, D.Istituto di Radioastronomia (author)
Danezi, A. (author)
Dettmar, R. -J.Ruhr-Universität Bochum (author)
Di Gennaro, G.Universität Hamburg,University of Hamburg (author)
Edler, H.W.Universität Hamburg,University of Hamburg (author)
Enalin, T.A.Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG) (author)
Emig, K.L.National Radio Astronomy Observatory (author)
Franzen, T. M.O.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) (author)
García-Vergara, C.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
Grange, Y. G.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) (author)
Gurkan, G.Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (author)
Hajduk, M.Radboud Universiteit,Radboud University (author)
Heald, G.Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) (author)
Heesen, V.Universität Hamburg,University of Hamburg (author)
Hoang, D. N.Universität Hamburg,University of Hamburg (author)
Hoeft, M.Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (author)
Horellou, Cathy,1967Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)horellou (author)
Iacobelli, M.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) (author)
Jamrozy, M.Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland (author)
Jelia, V.Ruder Boskovic Institute (author)
Kondapally, R.University of Edinburgh (author)
Kukreti, P.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) (author)
Kunert-Bajraszewska, M.Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika w Toruniu,Nicolaus Copernicus University (author)
Magliocchetti, M.Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF) (author)
Mahatma, V.Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (author)
Maaek, K. (author)
Mandal, S.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
Massaro, F.Universita degli Studi di Torino,University of Turin (author)
Meyer-Zhao, Z.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) (author)
Mingo, B.Open University (author)
Mostert, R.I.J.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) (author)
Nair, Dhanya G.Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE) (author)
Nakoneczny, S.J. (author)
Nikiel-Wroczyaski, B.Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland (author)
Orrú, E.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) (author)
Pajdosz-Amierciak, U.Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland (author)
Pasini, T.Universität Hamburg,University of Hamburg (author)
Prandoni, I.Istituto di Radioastronomia (author)
Van Piggelen, H.E. (author)
Rajpurohit, K.Istituto di Radioastronomia (author)
Retana-Montenegro, E.University of KwaZulu-Natal (author)
Riseley, C. J.Istituto di Radioastronomia (author)
Rowlinson, A.Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) (author)
Saxena, A.University College London (UCL) (author)
Schrijvers, C. (author)
Sweijen, F.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
Siewert, T.M.Universität Bielefeld,Bielefeld University (author)
Timmerman, R.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
Vaccari, M.Istituto di Radioastronomia (author)
Vink, J.Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy (author)
West, Jennifer L.University of Toronto (author)
Woaowska, A.Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) (author)
Zhang, X.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
Zheng, J.University of Portsmouth (author)
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)University of Hertfordshire (creator_code:org_t)

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By the author/editor: Shimwell, T. W.; Hardcastle, M. J ...; Tasse, C.; Best, P. N.; Röttgering, H. J ...; Williams, W. L.; show more...; Botteon, A.; Drabent, A.; Mechev, A. P.; Shulevski, A.; van Weeren, R.; Bester, L.; Bruggen, M.; Brunetti, G.; Callingham, J. R ...; Chyz̊y, K.T.; Conway, John, 19 ...; Dijkema, T. J.; Duncan, K.; De Gasperin, F.; Hale, C.; Haverkorn, M.; Hugo, B.; Jackson, N.; Mevius, M.; Miley, G. K.; Morabito, L.; Morganti, R.; Offringa, A. R.; Oonk, J. B. R.; Rafferty, D.; Sabater, J.; Smith, D.J.B.; Schwarz, D. J.; Smirnov, O.; Oasullivan, S.P.; Vedantham, Haris ...; White, G.J.; Albert, J.G.; Alegre, L.; Asabere, B.; Bacon, D.J.; Bonafede, A.; Bonnassieux, E.; Brienza, M.; Bilicki, M.; Bonato, M.; Calistro Rivera, ...; Cassano, R.; Cochrane, R.; Croston, J. H.; Cuciti, V.; Dallacasa, D.; Danezi, A.; Dettmar, R. -J.; Di Gennaro, G.; Edler, H.W.; Enalin, T.A.; Emig, K.L.; Franzen, T. M.O.; García-Vergara, ...; Grange, Y. G.; Gurkan, G.; Hajduk, M.; Heald, G.; Heesen, V.; Hoang, D. N.; Hoeft, M.; Horellou, Cathy, ...; Iacobelli, M.; Jamrozy, M.; Jelia, V.; Kondapally, R.; Kukreti, P.; Kunert-Bajraszew ...; Magliocchetti, M ...; Mahatma, V.; Maaek, K.; Mandal, S.; Massaro, F.; Meyer-Zhao, Z.; Mingo, B.; Mostert, R.I.J.; Nair, Dhanya G.; Nakoneczny, S.J.; Nikiel-Wroczyask ...; Orrú, E.; Pajdosz-Amiercia ...; Pasini, T.; Prandoni, I.; Van Piggelen, H. ...; Rajpurohit, K.; Retana-Montenegr ...; Riseley, C. J.; Rowlinson, A.; Saxena, A.; Schrijvers, C.; Sweijen, F.; Siewert, T.M.; Timmerman, R.; Vaccari, M.; Vink, J.; West, Jennifer L ...; Woaowska, A.; Zhang, X.; Zheng, J.; show less...

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