Using urban form to increase the capacity of cities to manage noise and air quality

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Berghauser Pont, Meta,1972Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology (author)

Using urban form to increase the capacity of cities to manage noise and air quality

Article/chapterEnglish2023

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2023

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LIBRIS-ID:oai:research.chalmers.se:2fa9c4c4-244c-4091-b58d-1ff1edd06a16
https://research.chalmers.se/publication/535502URI
https://doi.org/10.51347/UM27.0003DOI

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Language:English
Summary in:English

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SwePubSwePub

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Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype
Subject category:ref swepub-contenttype

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The top two environmental factors adversely affecting human health in Europe are air and noise pollution, with road traffic being the largest source. Urban density plays an important role in reducing car traffic. However, the benefits of reduced emissions per capita can still mean higher emissions locally, because of the number of people in the area. Therefore, this paper investigates how morphological parameters influence the local distribution of noise and air pollution. A parametric approach, based on the Spacematrix method, is used to study the impact of morphological parameters on the distribution of air and noise pollution, controlling for traffic mode, flows and speed. To compare the impact of exposure to noise and air pollution, their respective health burden is calculated using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The results, based on 31 models of different forms, show that the degree of openness greatly affects performance with opposite effects for noise and air pollution. Building types with slightly open yards, like open corner blocks, may provide an attractive compromise solution due to their relatively good noise exposure situation at the same time as the dispersion of air pollutants improves. Adding sound absorbing vegetation is an effective measure to mitigate noise, especially for blocks with openings, limiting the propagation of sound into the yard. Further, densification is beneficial for health if the increase in density does not increase traffic volume in the same proportion. Densification by adding towers on a perimeter building block gives the best results for health as it combines a less noisy yard, thanks to the enclosure of the yard with towers, which enhances turbulent mixing of air within the street canyon.

Subject headings and genre

TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER Samhällsbyggnadsteknik Transportteknik och logistik hsv//swe
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Civil Engineering Transport Systems and Logistics hsv//eng
TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER Samhällsbyggnadsteknik Husbyggnad hsv//swe
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Civil Engineering Building Technologies hsv//eng
MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP Hälsovetenskap Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin hsv//swe
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES Health Sciences Occupational Health and Environmental Health hsv//eng
human health
noise pollution
air pollution
densification
urban morphology

Added entries (persons, corporate bodies, meetings, titles ...)

Forssén, Jens,1968Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)jf (author)
Haeger-Eugensson, MarieGöteborgs universitet,University of Gothenburg,COWI A/S (author)
Gustafson, Andreas (author)
Achberger, ChristineCOWI A/S (author)
Rosholm, Niklas (author)
Chalmers tekniska högskolaGöteborgs universitet (creator_code:org_t)

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In:Urban Morphology27:1, s. 51-701027-4278

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