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Molecular line emis...
Molecular line emission in NGC 1068 imaged with ALMA II. The chemistry of the dense molecular gas
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- Viti, S. (author)
- University College London (UCL)
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Burillo, S. G. (author)
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Fuente, A. (author)
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- Hunt, L. K. (author)
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri,Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory
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Usero, A. (author)
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- Henkel, C. (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG),King Abdulaziz University
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- Eckart, A. (author)
- Universität zu Köln,University of Cologne,Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- Martin, S. (author)
- Université Grenoble Alpes,Grenoble Alpes University
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- Spaans, M. (author)
- Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,University of Groningen
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- Muller, Sebastien, 1976 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Combes, F. (author)
- LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matiere en Astrophysique et Atmospheres, France
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- Krips, M. (author)
- Université Grenoble Alpes,Grenoble Alpes University
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- Schinnerer, E. (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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- Casasola, V. (author)
- Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
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- Costagliola, Francesco, 1981 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Marquez, I. (author)
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA),Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA)
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Planesas, P. (author)
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- van der Werf, P.P. (author)
- Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)
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- Aalto, Susanne, 1964 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Baker, A. J. (author)
- Rutgers University
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- Boone, F. (author)
- Université de Toulouse,University of Toulouse
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- Tacconi, L. J. (author)
- Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2014-10-10
- 2014
- English.
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 570, s. 28-
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Abstract
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- Aims. We present a detailed analysis of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Bands 7 and 9 data of CO, HCO+, HCN, and CS, augmented with Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) data of the ~200 pc circumnuclear disc (CND) and the ~1.3 kpc starburst ring (SB ring) of NGC 1068, a nearby (D = 14 Mpc) Seyfert 2 barred galaxy. We aim to determine the physical characteristics of the dense gas present in the CND, and to establish whether the different line intensity ratios we find within the CND, as well as between the CND and the SB ring, are due to excitation effects (gas density and temperature differences) or to a different chemistry.Methods. We estimate the column densities of each species in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). We then compute large one-dimensional, non-LTE radiative transfer grids (using RADEX) by using only the CO transitions first, and then all the available molecules to constrain the densities, temperatures, and column densities within the CND. We finally present a preliminary set of chemical models to determine the origin of the gas.Results. We find that, in general, the gas in the CND is very dense (>105 cm-3) and hot (T> 150 K), with differences especially in the temperature across the CND. The AGN position has the lowest CO/HCO+, CO/HCN, and CO/CS column density ratios. The RADEX analyses seem to indicate that there is chemical differentiation across the CND. We also find differences between the chemistry of the SB ring and some regions of the CND; the SB ring is also much colder and less dense than the CND. Chemical modelling does not succeed in reproducing all the molecular ratios with one model per region, suggesting the presence of multi-gas phase components.Conclusions. The LTE, RADEX, and chemical analyses all indicate that more than one gas-phase component is necessary to uniquely fit all the available molecular ratios within the CND. A higher number of molecular transitions at the ALMA resolution is necessary to determine quantitatively the physical and chemical characteristics of these components.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Fysik -- Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Physical Sciences -- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- galaxies: active / galaxies: individual: NGC 1068 / galaxies: ISM / galaxies: nuclei / molecular processes / radio lines: galaxies
Publication and Content Type
- art (subject category)
- ref (subject category)
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- By the author/editor
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Viti, S.
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Burillo, S. G.
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Fuente, A.
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Hunt, L. K.
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Usero, A.
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Henkel, C.
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show more...
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Eckart, A.
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Martin, S.
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Spaans, M.
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Muller, Sebastie ...
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Combes, F.
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Krips, M.
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Schinnerer, E.
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Casasola, V.
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Costagliola, Fra ...
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Marquez, I.
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Planesas, P.
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van der Werf, P. ...
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Aalto, Susanne, ...
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Baker, A. J.
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Boone, F.
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Tacconi, L. J.
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
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Chalmers University of Technology