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The SOFIA Massive (...
The SOFIA Massive (SOMA) Star Formation Survey. III. From Intermediate- to High-mass Protostars
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- Liu, Mengyao (author)
- University of Virginia
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- Tan, Jonathan, 1973 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- De Buizer, James M. (author)
- NASA Ames Research Center
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- Zhang, Yichen (author)
- RIKEN
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- Moser, Emily (author)
- Cornell University
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- Beltran, Maria T. (author)
- Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
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- Staff, Jan E. (author)
- University of The Virgin Islands
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- Tanaka, (author)
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
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- Whitney, Barbara (author)
- University of Wisconsin Madison
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- Rosero, Viviana (author)
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory Socorro
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- Yang, Yao-Lun (author)
- University of Virginia
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- Fedriani, Rubén, 1991 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2020-11-23
- 2020
- English.
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In: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 904:1
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Abstract
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- We present similar to 10-40 mm SOFIA-FORCAST images of 14 intermediate-mass protostar candidates as part of the SOFIA Massive (SOMA) Star Formation Survey. We build spectral energy distributions, also using archival Spitzer, Herschel, and IRAS data. We then fit the spectral energy distributions with radiative transfer models of Zhang & Tan, based on turbulent core accretion theory, to estimate key protostellar properties. With the addition of these intermediate-mass sources, based on average properties derived from SED fitting, SOMA protostars span luminosities from similar to 10(2) to 10(6) L-circle dot, current protostellar masses from similar to 0.5 to 35 M-circle dot, and ambient clump mass surface densities, Scl, from 0.1 to g cm(-2). A wide range of evolutionary states of the individual protostars and of the protocluster environments is also probed. We have also considered about 50 protostars identified in infrared dark clouds that are expected to be at the earliest stages of their evolution. With this global sample, most of the evolutionary stages of high- and intermediate-mass protostars are probed. The best-fitting models show no evidence that a threshold value of the protocluster clump mass surface density is required to form protostars up to similar to 25 M.. However, to form more massive protostars, there is tentative evidence that Sigma(cl) needs to be greater than or similar to 1 g cm(-2). We discuss how this is consistent with expectations from core accretion models that include internal feedback from the forming massive star.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Fysik -- Subatomär fysik (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Physical Sciences -- Subatomic Physics (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Fysik -- Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Physical Sciences -- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Geofysik (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Geophysics (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- Star formation
- Jets
- Infrared sources
- Interstellar medium
- Massive stars
Publication and Content Type
- art (subject category)
- ref (subject category)
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Liu, Mengyao
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Tan, Jonathan, 1 ...
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De Buizer, James ...
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Zhang, Yichen
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Moser, Emily
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Beltran, Maria T ...
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show more...
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Staff, Jan E.
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Tanaka,
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Whitney, Barbara
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Rosero, Viviana
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Yang, Yao-Lun
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Fedriani, Rubén, ...
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show less...
- About the subject
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
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NATURAL SCIENCES
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and Physical Science ...
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and Subatomic Physic ...
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
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NATURAL SCIENCES
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and Physical Science ...
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and Astronomy Astrop ...
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
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NATURAL SCIENCES
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and Earth and Relate ...
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and Geophysics
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Chalmers University of Technology