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  • Meijerink, R.Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,University of Groningen,Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)

Evidence for CO Shock Excitation in NGC 6240 from Herschel SPIRE Spectroscopy

  • Article/chapterEnglish2013

Publisher, publication year, extent ...

  • 2013
  • electronicrdacarrier

Numbers

  • LIBRIS-ID:oai:research.chalmers.se:86e685ca-ca90-4670-8c4c-89c974096090
  • https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/762/2/L16DOI
  • https://research.chalmers.se/publication/173288URI

Supplementary language notes

  • Language:English
  • Summary in:English

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  • Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype
  • Subject category:ref swepub-contenttype

Notes

  • We present Herschel SPIRE FTS spectroscopy of the nearby luminous infrared galaxy NGC 6240. In total 20 linesare detected, including CO J = 4−3 through J = 13−12, 6 H2O rotational lines, and [C i] and [N ii] fine-structurelines. The CO to continuum luminosity ratio is 10 times higher in NGC 6240 than Mrk 231. Although the COladdersof NGC 6240 and Mrk 231 are very similar, UV and/or X-ray irradiation are unlikely to be responsible for theexcitation of the gas in NGC 6240.We applied both C and J shock models to the H2 v = 1–0 S(1) and v = 2–1 S(1)lines and the CO rotational ladder. The CO ladder is best reproduced by amodel with shock velocity vs = 10 km s−1and a pre-shock density nH = 5 × 104 cm−3. We find that the solution best fitting the H2 lines is degenerate. The shock velocities and number densities range between vs = 17–47 km s−1 and nH = 107–5×104 cm−3, respectively.The H2 lines thus need a much more powerful shock than the CO lines.We deduce that most of the gas is currently moderately stirred up by slow (10 km s−1) shocks while only a small fraction (1%) of the interstellar mediumis exposed to the high-velocity shocks. This implies that the gas is rapidly losing its highly turbulent motions. We argue that a high CO line-to-continuum ratio is a key diagnostic for the presence of shocks.

Subject headings and genre

Added entries (persons, corporate bodies, meetings, titles ...)

  • Kristensen, L.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
  • Weiss, A.Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG) (author)
  • van der Werf, P.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
  • Walter, F.Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG) (author)
  • Spaans, M.Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,University of Groningen (author)
  • Loenen, A.F.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
  • Fischer, J.Naval Research Laboratory (author)
  • Israel, F. P.Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL) (author)
  • Isaak, K.European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC) (author)
  • Papadopoulos, P. P.Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG) (author)
  • Aalto, Susanne,1964Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)saalto (author)
  • Armus, L.Spitzer Science Center, United States (author)
  • Charmandaris, V.Panepistimio Kritis,University of Crete (author)
  • Dasyra, K.M.LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matiere en Astrophysique et Atmospheres, France (author)
  • Diaz-Santos, T.Spitzer Science Center, United States (author)
  • Evans, A.National Radio Astronomy Observatory,University of Virginia (author)
  • Gao, YuChinese Academy of Sciences (author)
  • Gonzalez-Alfonso, E.Universidad de Alcala,University of Alcalá (author)
  • Güsten, R.Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG) (author)
  • Henkel, C.King Abdulaziz University,Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG) (author)
  • Kramer, C.Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) (author)
  • Lord, S.California Institute of Technology (Caltech) (author)
  • Martin-Pintado, J.CSIC - Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM) (author)
  • Naylor, D. A.University of Lethbridge (author)
  • Sanders, D. B.University of Hawaii (author)
  • Smith, H.Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (author)
  • Spinoglio, L.Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF) (author)
  • Stacey, G.Cornell University (author)
  • Veilleux, S.University of Maryland (author)
  • Wiedner, M.C.Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (author)
  • Rijksuniversiteit GroningenUniversiteit Leiden (UL) (creator_code:org_t)

Related titles

  • In:Astrophysical Journal Letters762:2, s. L16-L202041-82132041-8205

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