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  • Tremblin, P.,Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (author)

Site testing for submillimetre astronomy at Dome C, Antarctica

  • Article/chapterEnglish2011

Publisher, publication year, extent ...

  • 2011-11-21
  • EDP Sciences,2011

Numbers

  • LIBRIS-ID:oai:research.chalmers.se:cc3ee184-39f5-4847-b01f-81f5a0f01862
  • https://research.chalmers.se/publication/150934URI
  • https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201117345DOI

Supplementary language notes

  • Language:English
  • Summary in:English

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  • Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype
  • Subject category:ref swepub-contenttype

Notes

  • Aims. Over the past few years a major effort has been put into the exploration of potential sites for the deployment of submillimetre astronomical facilities. Amongst the most important sites are Dome C and Dome A on the Antarctic Plateau, and the Chajnantor area in Chile. In this context, we report on measurements of the sky opacity at 200 mu m over a period of three years at the French-Italian station, Concordia, at Dome C, Antarctica. We also present some solutions to the challenges of operating in the harsh polar environment.Methods. The 200-mu m atmospheric opacity was measured with a tipper. The forward atmospheric model MOLIERE (Microwave Observation LIne Estimation and REtrieval) was used to calculate the atmospheric transmission and to evaluate the precipitable water vapour content (PWV) from the observed sky opacity. These results have been compared with satellite measurements from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on Metop-A, with balloon humidity sondes and with results obtained by a ground-based microwave radiometer (HAMSTRAD). In addition, a series of experiments has been designed to study frost formation on surfaces, and the temporal and spatial evolution of thermal gradients in the low atmosphere.Results. Dome C offers exceptional conditions in terms of absolute atmospheric transmission and stability for submillimetre astronomy. Over the austral winter the PWV exhibits long periods during which it is stable and at a very low level (0.1 to 0.3 mm). Higher values (0.2 to 0.8 mm) of PWV are observed during the short summer period. Based on observations over three years, a transmission of around 50% at 350 mu m is achieved for 75% of the time. The 200-mu m window opens with a typical transmission of 10% to 15% for 25% of the time.Conclusions. Dome C is one of the best accessible sites on Earth for submillimetre astronomy. Observations at 350 or 450 mu m are possible all year round, and the 200-mu m window opens long enough and with a sufficient transparency to be useful. Although the polar environment severely constrains hardware design, a permanent observatory with appropriate technical capabilities is feasible. Because of the very good astronomical conditions, high angular resolution and time series (multi-year) observations at Dome C with a medium size single dish telescope would enable unique studies to be conducted, some of which are not otherwise feasible even from space.

Subject headings and genre

Added entries (persons, corporate bodies, meetings, titles ...)

  • Minier, V.,Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (author)
  • Schneider, N.,Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (author)
  • Durand, G. Al.,Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (author)
  • Ashley, M. C. B.,University of New South Wales (UNSW) (author)
  • Lawrence, J. S.,University of New South Wales (UNSW) (author)
  • Luong-Van, D. M.,University of New South Wales (UNSW) (author)
  • Storey, J. W. V.,University of New South Wales (UNSW) (author)
  • Durand, G. An.,Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (author)
  • Reinert, Y.,Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (author)
  • Veyssiere, C.,Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (author)
  • Walter, C.,Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (author)
  • Ade, P.,Cardiff University (author)
  • Calisse, P. G.,Cardiff University (author)
  • Challita, Z.,Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS) (author)
  • Fossat, E.,Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS) (author)
  • Sabbatini, L.,Universita degli studi - Roma Tre (author)
  • Pellegrini, A.,Ente Per Le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente (author)
  • Ricaud, P.Universite Paul Sabatier Toulouse III,Paul Sabatier University (author)
  • Urban, Joachim,1964Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)joaurb (author)
  • Centre d'Etudes de SaclayUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW) (creator_code:org_t)

Related titles

  • In:Astronomy and Astrophysics: EDP Sciences535:A1120004-63611432-0746

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