Masses and compositions of three small planets orbiting the nearby M dwarf L231-32 (TOI-270) and the M dwarf radius valley

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Van Eylen, VincentUniversity College London (UCL),Princeton University (author)

Masses and compositions of three small planets orbiting the nearby M dwarf L231-32 (TOI-270) and the M dwarf radius valley

Article/chapterEnglish2021

Publisher, publication year, extent ...

2021-08-24
Oxford University Press (OUP),2021
electronicrdacarrier

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LIBRIS-ID:oai:research.chalmers.se:f27cb0ac-e2b7-4cc4-9626-b3fcab7d27d8
https://research.chalmers.se/publication/526590URI
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2143DOI

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Language:English
Summary in:English

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SwePubSwePub

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Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype
Subject category:ref swepub-contenttype

Notes

We report on precise Doppler measurements of L231-32 (TOI-270), a nearby M dwarf (d = 22 pc, M = 0.39 M, R = 0.38 R), which hosts three transiting planets that were recently discovered using data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The three planets are 1.2, 2.4, and 2.1 times the size of Earth and have orbital periods of 3.4, 5.7, and 11.4 d. We obtained 29 high-resolution optical spectra with the newly commissioned Echelle Spectrograph for Rocky Exoplanet and Stable Spectroscopic Observations (ESPRESSO) and 58 spectra using the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS). From these observations, we find the masses of the planets to be 1.58 ± 0.26, 6.15 ± 0.37, and 4.78 ± 0.43 M, respectively. The combination of radius and mass measurements suggests that the innermost planet has a rocky composition similar to that of Earth, while the outer two planets have lower densities. Thus, the inner planet and the outer planets are on opposite sides of the 'radius valley'-a region in the radius-period diagram with relatively few members-which has been interpreted as a consequence of atmospheric photoevaporation. We place these findings into the context of other small close-in planets orbiting M dwarf stars, and use support vector machines to determine the location and slope of the M dwarf (Teff < 4000 K) radius valley as a function of orbital period. We compare the location of the M dwarf radius valley to the radius valley observed for FGK stars, and find that its location is a good match to photoevaporation and core-powered mass-loss models. Finally, we show that planets below the M dwarf radius valley have compositions consistent with stripped rocky cores, whereas most planets above have a lower density consistent with the presence of a H-He atmosphere.

Subject headings and genre

NATURVETENSKAP Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap Meteorologi och atmosfärforskning hsv//swe
NATURAL SCIENCES Earth and Related Environmental Sciences Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences hsv//eng
NATURVETENSKAP Fysik Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi hsv//swe
NATURAL SCIENCES Physical Sciences Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology hsv//eng
NATURVETENSKAP Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap Geofysik hsv//swe
NATURAL SCIENCES Earth and Related Environmental Sciences Geophysics hsv//eng
planets and satellites: formation
planets and satellites: fundamental parameters
planets and satellites: composition
planets and satellites: individual: L231-32

Added entries (persons, corporate bodies, meetings, titles ...)

Astudillo-Defru, N.Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion (author)
Bonfils, X.Université Grenoble Alpes,Grenoble Alpes University (author)
Livingston, J.H.University of Tokyo, Japan (author)
Hirano, T.Tokyo Institute of Technology (author)
Luque, R.Universidad de la Laguna,University of La Laguna,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (author)
Lam, K. W.F.Technische Universität Berlin (author)
Justesen, A.B.Århus Universitet,Aarhus University (author)
Winn, J. N.Princeton University (author)
Gandolfi, D.Universita degli Studi di Torino,University of Turin (author)
Nowak, G.Universidad de la Laguna,University of La Laguna,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (author)
Palle, EnricInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias,Universidad de la Laguna,University of La Laguna (author)
Albrecht, SimonÅrhus Universitet,Aarhus University (author)
Dai, FeiCalifornia Institute of Technology (Caltech) (author)
Campos Estrada, B.Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine (author)
Owen, James E.Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine (author)
Foreman-Mackey, D.Flatiron Institute (author)
Fridlund, Malcolm,1952Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology,Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL)(Swepub:cth)malfri (author)
Korth, JudithUniversität zu Köln,University of Cologne (author)
Mathur, S.Universidad de la Laguna,University of La Laguna,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (author)
Forveille, T.Université Grenoble Alpes,Grenoble Alpes University (author)
Mikal-Evans, T.Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (author)
Osborne, H. L.M.University College London (UCL) (author)
Ho, C. S.K.University College London (UCL) (author)
Almenara, J. M.Université Grenoble Alpes,Grenoble Alpes University (author)
Artigau, E.Université de Montréal (author)
Barragán, O.University Of Oxford (author)
Barros, S.C.C.Universidade do Porto,University of Porto (author)
Bouchy, F.Université de Genève,University of Geneva (author)
Cabrera, J.Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR),German Aerospace Center (DLR) (author)
Caldwell, D. A.SETI Institute (author)
Charbonneau, D.Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (author)
Chaturvedi, PriyankaThüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (author)
Cochran, William D.The University of Texas at Austin, USA (author)
Csizmadia, SzilardDeutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR),German Aerospace Center (DLR) (author)
Damasso, MarioIstituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF) (author)
Delfosse, X.Université Grenoble Alpes,Grenoble Alpes University (author)
De Medeiros, J. R.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte,Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (author)
Diaz, R. F.Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (author)
Doyon, RenéUniversité de Montréal (author)
Esposito, M.Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (author)
Furész, G.Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (author)
Figueira, P.European Southern Observatory Santiago,Universidade do Porto,University of Porto (author)
Georgieva, Iskra,1987Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)iskrag (author)
Goffo, E.Universita degli Studi di Torino,University of Turin (author)
Grziwa, S.Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (author)
Guenther, E. W.Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (author)
Hatzes, A.Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (author)
Jenkins, Jon M.NASA Ames Research Center (author)
Kabath, PetrCzech Academy of Sciences (author)
Knudstrup, E.Århus Universitet,Aarhus University (author)
Latham, D. W.Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (author)
Lavie, B.Université de Genève,University of Geneva (author)
Lovis, C.Université de Genève,University of Geneva (author)
Mennickent, R. E.Universidad de Concepción,University of Concepcion (author)
Mullally, S. E.Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) (author)
Murgas, F.Universidad de la Laguna,University of La Laguna,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (author)
Narita, NorioUniversity of Tokyo, Japan,Astrobiology Center, Japan,Universidad de la Laguna,University of La Laguna,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) (author)
Pepe, FrancescoUniversité de Genève,University of Geneva (author)
Persson, Carina,1964Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)carina64 (author)
Redfield, S.Wesleyan University (author)
Ricker, George R.Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (author)
Santos, N. C.Universidade do Porto,University of Porto (author)
Seager, S.Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (author)
Serrano, L. M.Universita degli Studi di Torino,University of Turin (author)
Smith, Alexis M. S.Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR),German Aerospace Center (DLR) (author)
Mascareño, A. SuárezInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (author)
Šubjak, J.NASA Ames Research Center (author)
Twicken, J. D.NASA Ames Research Center,SETI Institute (author)
Udry, S.Université de Genève,University of Geneva (author)
Vanderspek, Roland K.Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (author)
Zapatero-Osorio, M.Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB) (author)
University College London (UCL)Princeton University (creator_code:org_t)

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In:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Oxford University Press (OUP)507:2, s. 2154-21730035-87111365-2966

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By the author/editor: Van Eylen, Vince ...; Astudillo-Defru, ...; Bonfils, X.; Livingston, J.H.; Hirano, T.; Luque, R.; show more...; Lam, K. W.F.; Justesen, A.B.; Winn, J. N.; Gandolfi, D.; Nowak, G.; Palle, Enric; Albrecht, Simon; Dai, Fei; Campos Estrada, ...; Owen, James E.; Foreman-Mackey, ...; Fridlund, Malcol ...; Korth, Judith; Mathur, S.; Forveille, T.; Mikal-Evans, T.; Osborne, H. L.M.; Ho, C. S.K.; Almenara, J. M.; Artigau, E.; Barragán, O.; Barros, S.C.C.; Bouchy, F.; Cabrera, J.; Caldwell, D. A.; Charbonneau, D.; Chaturvedi, Priy ...; Cochran, William ...; Csizmadia, Szila ...; Damasso, Mario; Delfosse, X.; De Medeiros, J. ...; Diaz, R. F.; Doyon, René; Esposito, M.; Furész, G.; Figueira, P.; Georgieva, Iskra ...; Goffo, E.; Grziwa, S.; Guenther, E. W.; Hatzes, A.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Kabath, Petr; Knudstrup, E.; Latham, D. W.; Lavie, B.; Lovis, C.; Mennickent, R. E ...; Mullally, S. E.; Murgas, F.; Narita, Norio; Pepe, Francesco; Persson, Carina, ...; Redfield, S.; Ricker, George R ...; Santos, N. C.; Seager, S.; Serrano, L. M.; Smith, Alexis M. ...; Mascareño, A. Su ...; Šubjak, J.; Twicken, J. D.; Udry, S.; Vanderspek, Rola ...; Zapatero-Osorio, ...; show less...

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NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Physical Science ...; and Astronomy Astrop ...

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