| 251. |
- Fang, Lanyan, et al.
(author)
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Model-Informed Drug Development and Review for Generic Products : Summary Of FDA Public Workshop
- 2018
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In: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0009-9236 .- 1532-6535. ; 104:1, s. 27-30
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- On October 2nd and 3rd, 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hosted a public workshop titled “Leveraging Quantitative Methods and Modeling to Modernize Generic Drug Development and Review.”1 This report summarizes Session 2 of the public workshop: “Model Informed Drug Development and Review for Generic Products.” The session focused on the application of quantitative methods and modeling in modernizing the generic drug development and review.
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| 252. |
- Fang, Zhao, 1986, et al.
(author)
-
TiO2 nanoparticle interactions with supported lipid membranes – an example of removal of membrane patches
- 2016
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In: RSC Advances. - 2046-2069. ; 6:94, s. 91102-91110
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a need for different levels of model systems for effect studies of engineered nanoparticles and the development of nanoparticle structure–activity relationships in biological systems. Descriptors for nanoparticles based on their interactions in molecular model systems may become useful to predict toxicological responses of the nanoparticles in cells. Towards this end, we report on nanoparticle-induced formation of holes in supported model membranes. Specifically, TiO2 nanoparticle – lipid membrane interactions were studied under low ionic strength, basic conditions (pH 8), using different membrane compositions and several surface-sensitive analytical techniques. It was found that for mixed POPC/POPG (PG fractions ≥ 35%) membranes on silica supports, under conditions where electrostatic repulsion was expected, the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles resulted in transient interaction curves, consistent with the removal of part of the lipid membrane. The formation of holes was inferred from quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring, as well as from optical measurements by reflectometry, and also verified by atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. The interaction between the TiO2 nanoparticles and the PG-containing membranes was dependent on the presence of Ca2+ ions. A mechanism is suggested where TiO2 nanoparticles act as scavengers of Ca2+ ions associated with the supported membrane, leading to weakening of the interaction between the membrane and the support and subsequent removal of lipid mass as TiO2 nanoparticles spontaneously leave the surface. This mechanism is consistent with the observed formation of holes in the supported lipid membranes.
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| 253. |
- Frieler, K, et al.
(author)
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Assessing the impacts of 1.5° C global warming - simulation protocol of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP2b)
- 2017
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In: Geoscientific Model Development. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1991-959X .- 1991-9603. ; 10, s. 4321-4345
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Paris, France, December 2015, the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Con- vention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) invited the Inter- governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to provide a “special report in 2018 on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 â—ŠC above pre-industrial levels and related global green- house gas emission pathwaysâ€. In Nairobi, Kenya, April 2016, the IPCC panel accepted the invitation. Here we de- scribe the response devised within the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) to provide tailored, cross-sectorally consistent impact projections to broaden the scientific basis for the report. The simulation protocol is de- signed to allow for (1) separation of the impacts of histori- cal warming starting from pre-industrial conditions from im- pacts of other drivers such as historical land-use changes (based on pre-industrial and historical impact model simula- tions); (2) quantification of the impacts of additional warm- ing up to 1.5 â—ŠC, including a potential overshoot and long- term impacts up to 2299, and comparison to higher lev- els of global mean temperature change (based on the low- emissions Representative Concentration Pathway RCP2.6 and a no-mitigation pathway RCP6.0) with socio-economic conditions fixed at 2005 levels; and (3) assessment of the cli- mate effects based on the same climate scenarios while ac- counting for simultaneous changes in socio-economic con- ditions following the middle-of-the-road Shared Socioeco- nomic Pathway (SSP2, Fricko et al., 2016) and in particu- lar differential bioenergy requirements associated with the transformation of the energy system to comply with RCP2.6 compared to RCP6.0.With the aim of providing the scientific basis for an aggregation of impacts across sectors and anal- ysis of cross-sectoral interactions that may dampen or am- plify sectoral impacts, the protocol is designed to facilitate consistent impact projections from a range of impact mod- els across different sectors (global and regional hydrology, lakes, global crops, global vegetation, regional forests, global and regional marine ecosystems and fisheries, global and regional coastal infrastructure, energy supply and demand, temperature-related mortality, and global terrestrial biodiver- sity).
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| 254. |
- Fu, Lixin, et al.
(author)
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Nanocoating inside porous PE separator enables enhanced ionic transport of GPE and stable cycling of Li-metal anode
- 2019
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In: Research on chemical intermediates (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-6168 .- 1568-5675. ; 45:10, s. 4959-4973
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, a simple and feasible method for preparing gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) with good ionic transport properties and mechanical stability is proposed. A ZrO2/KH570/PU/P123 layer was formed on the outer and inner pore surfaces of PE separator before in situ polymerization by a simple one-step dipping coating process. This coating layer changes the PE separator surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, and therefore facilitates the uniform spreading of the GPE precursor solution on the PE surface to enable the formation of highly uniform GPE. Moreover, it effectively compensates the negative effects of in situ gelatinization on the ionic transport behavior of the final PE-supported GPE. This GPE possesses excellent ion transport properties and mechanical stability, as well as improves the static and dynamic interfacial stability with lithium metal anode. When using metallic lithium and LiCoO2 to assemble cells, this PE-supported GPE affords improved C-rate capability, cycling performance and effective dendrite inhibition. [GRAPHICS] .
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| 255. |
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| 256. |
- Huang, Kun, et al.
(author)
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Enhanced peak growth of global vegetation and its key mechanisms
- 2018
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In: Nature Ecology and Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-334X. ; 2:12, s. 1897-1905
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The annual peak growth of vegetation is critical in characterizing the capacity of terrestrial ecosystem productivity and shaping the seasonality of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The recent greening of global lands suggests an increasing trend of terrestrial vegetation growth, but whether or not the peak growth has been globally enhanced still remains unclear. Here, we use two global datasets of gross primary productivity (GPP) and a satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to characterize recent changes in annual peak vegetation growth (that is, GPPmax and NDVImax). We demonstrate that the peak in the growth of global vegetation has been linearly increasing during the past three decades. About 65% of the NDVImax variation is evenly explained by expanding croplands (21%), rising CO2 (22%) and intensifying nitrogen deposition (22%). The contribution of expanding croplands to the peak growth trend is substantiated by measurements from eddy-flux towers, sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and a global database of plant traits, all of which demonstrate that croplands have a higher photosynthetic capacity than other vegetation types. The large contribution of CO2 is also supported by a meta-analysis of 466 manipulative experiments and 15 terrestrial biosphere models. Furthermore, we show that the contribution of GPPmax to the change in annual GPP is less in the tropics than in other regions. These multiple lines of evidence reveal an increasing trend in the peak growth of global vegetation. The findings highlight the important roles of agricultural intensification and atmospheric changes in reshaping the seasonality of global vegetation growth.
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| 257. |
- Jiao, Jian, et al.
(author)
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Effectiveness of non-surgical periodontal therapy in a large Chinese population with chronic periodontitis
- 2017
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In: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0303-6979. ; 44:1, s. 42-50
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) and its influential factors in a large Chinese population with chronic periodontitis. Methods: Periodontal examination data of 10,789 patients with at least one periodontal re-evaluation record were extracted from a hospital-based electronic periodontal charting record system. Probing depth (PD) and bleeding index (BI) reductions after NSPT and their influential factors were analysed by multilevel analysis. Results: Mean PD reductions at patient level and site level were 0.62 and 0.65 mm respectively. Mean reductions of percentage of tooth with BI > 1 and BI > 2 were 14.9% and 25.21%. Multilevel analysis demonstrated that PD and BI reductions were mainly influenced by baseline PD, baseline attachment loss (AL), baseline mobility, tooth type and frequency of periodontal maintenance (FPM). Besides, PD reduction was associated with baseline BI for all sites and was associated with gender and smoking status for sites with baseline PD ≥ 5 mm. Conclusion: The effectiveness of NSPT on patients with chronic periodontitis was proved in a large Chinese population. Outcomes of NSPT were mainly influenced by baseline PD, baseline AL, baseline mobility, tooth type and FPM.
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| 258. |
- Jing, Shuping, et al.
(author)
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Household Transmission of Human Adenovirus Type 55 in Case of Fatal Acute Respiratory Disease
- 2019
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In: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 25:9, s. 1756-1758
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We identified a case of fatal acute respiratory disease from household transmission of human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55) in Anhui Province, China. Computed tomography showed severe pneumonia. Comparative genomic analysis of HAdV-55 indicated the virus possibly originated in Shanxi Province, China. More attention should be paid to highly contagious HAdV-55.
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| 259. |
- Li, Y. J., et al.
(author)
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Growth decline of Pinus Massoniana in response to warming induced drought and increasing intrinsic water use efficiency in humid subtropical China
- 2019
-
In: Dendrochronologia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1125-7865. ; 57:October
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pinus Massoniana is the most widely distributed coniferous species in southern China and one of the most distributed species for plantation in China. It is not uncertain about the responses of tree growth to the combined effects of regional drying and the increase in the intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) due to increased atmospheric CO2. This study addressed this issue by comparing the tree growth patterns as represented by three tree-ring width chronologies with climate variables and three iWUE series derived from three tree-ring stable carbon isotope discrimination chronologies (Delta C-13) from Pinus Massoniana in Daiyun Mountain, central Fujian province of China. Among these chronologies, we reported the first tree-ring carbon isotope discrimination chronologies (Delta C-13) from Fuzhou area spanning last 210 years. It was found that tree radial growth is mainly limited by dry condition from May to October. Growth limitation by cold condition was only found in one high altitude site (780m) in early spring and late autumn. The tree-ring carbon discrimination was enhanced under conditions with low relative humidity and sufficient sunshine in late summer and autumn. In general, the iWUE showed a significantly increasing trend since the 1850s for all the sites in response to the increase in atmospheric CO2. However, the growth promotion of the increased iWUE on tree growth could not compensate the growth limitation caused by drought. Especially since the 1960s, a growth decline was found at two drought stressed sites at low altitudes. On the other hand, the increase in temperature of spring and autumn and iWUE has most likely enhanced tree growth at the high altitude site.
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| 260. |
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