| 1. |
- Andersson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer incidence among Swedish pulp and paper mill workers: a cohort study of sulphate and sulphite mills.
- 2013
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Ingår i: International archives of occupational and environmental health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 86:5, s. 529-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Associations between various malignancies and work in the pulp and paper industry have been reported but mostly in analyses of mortality rather than incidence. We aimed to study cancer incidence by main mill pulping process, department and gender in a Swedish cohort of pulp and paper mill workers.The cohort (18,113 males and 2,292 females, enrolled from 1939 to 1999 with >1 year of employment) was followed up for cancer incidence from 1958 to 2001. Information on the workers' department and employment was obtained from the mills' personnel files, and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated using the Swedish population as reference.Overall cancer incidence, in total 2,488 cases, was not increased by work in any department. However, risks of pleural mesothelioma were increased among males employed in sulphate pulping (SIR, 8.38; 95 % CI, 3.37-17) and maintenance (SIR, 6.35; 95 % CI, 3.47-11), with no corresponding increase of lung cancer. Testicular cancer risks were increased among males employed in sulphate pulping (SIR, 4.14; 95 % CI, 1.99-7.61) and sulphite pulping (SIR, 2.59; 95 % CI, 0.95-5.64). Female paper production workers showed increased risk of skin tumours other than malignant melanoma (SIR, 2.92; 95 % CI, 1.18-6.02).Incidence of pleural mesothelioma was increased in the cohort, showing that asbestos exposure still has severe health consequences, and highlighting the exigency of strict asbestos regulations and elimination. Testicular cancer was increased among pulping department workers. Shift work and endocrine disruptors could be of interest in this context.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer mortality in a Swedish cohort of pulp and paper mill workers.
- 2010
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Ingår i: International archives of occupational and environmental health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 83:2, s. 123-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To study cancer mortality among Swedish pulp and paper mill workers by main mill pulping process and department, and to present the Swedish part of an international exposure measurements database. METHODS: A cohort of 18,163 male and 2,290 female workers at four sulfate and four sulfite mills, enrolled from 1939 to 1999, was followed up for mortality during 1952-2001. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) relative to the general Swedish population were calculated. RESULTS: There were 1,340 malignant cases out of 5,898 deaths. Total cancer mortality was not increased in either sulfate or sulfite mill workers, or by gender. Lung cancer mortality was increased among female workers (SMR 1.70, 95% CI 1.04-2.63), especially in paper production, but not among male workers (SMR 0.91, 95% CI 0.79-1.04). Exposure to wood dust and sulfur dioxide frequently exceeded occupational exposure limits. CONCLUSIONS: Female paper production workers had an increased mortality from lung cancer.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Cohort mortality study of Swedish pulp and paper mill workers-nonmalignant diseases
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 33:6, s. 470-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The aim of this study was to determine mortality among pulp and paper mill workers according to the main mill pulping process, department, and gender, particular reference being given to diseases of the circulatory and respiratory systems.Methods The cohort of 18 163 men and 2 291 women employed between 1939 and 1999 and with >1 year of employment was followed for mortality from 1952 to 2001 (acute myocardial infarction from 1969). Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by comparing the observed number of deaths with the expected number for the entire Swedish population. Exposure was assessed from personnel files in the mills. Data from an exposure measurement database are also presented.Results There were 5898 deaths in the cohort. Total mortality had an SMR of 1.02 (95% CI 0.98–1.06) for the men in the sulfate mills and an SMR of 0.93 (95% CI 0.90–0.97) for the men in the sulfite mills. Mortality from acute myocardial infarction was increased among the men in both the sulfate and sulfite mills [SMR 1.22 (95% CI 1.12–1.32) and SMR 1.11 (95% CI 1.02–1.21), respectively] and by department in sulfate pulping (SMR 1.29, 95% CI 1.07–1.54), paper production (SMR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06–1.49), and maintenance (SMR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02–1.30). Mortality from cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and nonmalignant respiratory diseases was not increased.Conclusions Death from acute myocardial infarction, but not cerebrovascular diseases, was increased in this cohort and was probably related to a combination of different occupational exposures (eg, dust, sulfur compounds, shift work, and noise).
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Cancerframkallande ämnen i tätortsluft Lindesberg 2005/2006
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den allmänna befolkningens exponering för bensen, butadien, formaldehyd,kvävedioxid samt partiklar PM 2,5 i Lindesberg har studerats från oktober 2005till och med januari 2006. Totalt ingick 40 personer och 60 personburna mätningar(exponeringsmätningar) av olika cancerframkallande ämnen genomfördes isjudygnsperioder. Ökat intresse för de partikulära luftföroreningarnas betydelsevid bland annat hjärt-kärlsjuklighet innebar att mätningar av partiklar PM 2,5genomfördes stationärt i hemmen under 2 dygn. Parallellt med exponeringsmätningarnagenomfördes även bakgrundsmätningar av samtliga ämnen vidbyggnaden där Bergslagens Miljö- och Byggförvaltning är inhysta (Kungsgatan)och vid trafikerad gata på Räddningstjänstens tak (Kristinavägen) av samtligaämnen med mätperiod totalt uppgående till fem veckor. Liknande studier i störretätorter har tidigare genomförts i Göteborg, Umeå, Stockholm och Malmö.Resultaten från undersökningarna i Lindesberg kan sammanfattas i följande tabell:Lufthalter för olika ämnen i Lindesbergs kommun hösten 2005Ämne Personburna mätningar Bakgrundsmätningarμg/m³Kristinavägenμg/m³Kungsgatanμg/m³Bensen1,6 0,4 0,4Butadien0,5 0,04 0,05Formaldehyd27 3 2Kvävedioxid6 10 7Partiklar PM 2,59,3 9 9,7Vi har inte kunnat konstatera någon säkerställd påverkan på lufthalter av enskildamiljöfaktorer eller levnadsmönster. För enskilda individer sågs god korrelationmellan lufthalter vid olika mätomgångar. Skillnader i exponering kunde intekonstateras då rökvanor eller boendeform jämfördes, för pendlare sågs dockskillnader i bensen-, butadien- och kvävedioxidexponering.Korrelationen mellan exponeringsmätningar och bakgrundsmätningar var låg församtliga ämnen utom för bensen, motsvarande samvariation mellan olika ämnen ienskilt prov erhölls endast för bensen och butadien.De uppmätta lufthalterna av olika ämnen i Lindesbergs kommun är väl i nivå medde olika nationella och internationella rikt- och gränsvärden som finns antagna.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Cancerframkallande ämnen i tätortsluft Lindesberg 2010/2011
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom Naturvårdsverkets programområdeHälsorelaterad miljöövervakning(HÄMI), delprogramLuftförorening – exponeringsstudier ingår personburenmätning av vissa cancerframkallande och luftvägsirriterande ämnen i tätortsluft.De övriga orter som ingår i projektet är Göteborg, Umeå, Stockholm och Malmö.Lindesberg får här representera enmindre inlands kommun.Mätningarna genomförs för att försöka skatta allmänbefolkningens exponering förhälsoskadliga ämnen och samtliga orter har nu genomfört två mätomgångar frånstarten år 2000. De ämnen som ska mätas är bensen, butadien, formaldehyd,kvävedioxid, pratiklar PM 2,5 och benso(a)pyren.Lindesberg genomför inga egna mätningar av bakgrundshalter och vi har därföräven vid denna mätomgång valt ut samma två platser som vid föregående mätning.Räddningstjänstens tak (Kristinavägen) som representerar en trafikerad centralgata och Bergslagens Miljö- och Byggförvaltning (Kungsgatan). De uppmättalufthalterna är på samma låga nivåer som vid mätningen år 2005.Bakgrundhalterna i Lindesberg är i jämförelse med övriga orter lägre, vilket kännstroligt då det rör sig om en mindre tätort.För de personburna mätningarna är nivåerna lika med eller i vissa fall något högrejämfört med de övriga orterna. Det uppmättes några höga bensen- ochbutadienhalter med det beror på en yrkesmässig exponering.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating trends in quartz exposure in Swedish iron foundries : predicting past and present exposures
- 2012
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Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press. - 0003-4878 .- 1475-3162. ; 56:3, s. 362-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Swedish foundries have a long tradition of legally required surveys in the work place that, from the late 1960s onwards, included measurements of quartz. The availability of exposure data spanning almost 40 years presents a unique opportunity to study trends over that time and to evaluate the validity of exposure models based on data from shorter time spans. The aims of this study were (i) to investigate long term trends in quartz exposure over time, (ii) using routinely collected quartz exposure measurements to develop a mathematical model that could predict both historical and current exposure patterns, and (iii) to validate this exposure model with up-to-date measurements from a targeted survey of the industry.Methods: Eleven foundries, representative of the Swedish iron foundry industry, were divided into three groups based on the size of the companies, i.e. the number of employees. A database containing 2333 quartz exposure measurements for 11 different job descriptionswas used to create three models that covered time periods which reflected different work conditions and production processes: a historical model (1968– 1989), a development model (1990–2004), and a validation model (2005–2006). A linear mixed model for repeated measurements was used to investigate trends over time. In all mixed models, time period, company size, and job title were included as fixed (categorical) determinants of exposure. The within- and between-worker variances were considered to be random effects. A linear regression analysis was erformed to investigate agreement between the models. The average exposure was estimated for each combination of job title and company size.Results: A large reduction in exposure (51%) was seen between 1968 and 1974 and between 1975 and 1979 (28%). In later periods, quartz exposure was reduced by 8% per 5 years at best. In the first period, employees at smaller companies experienced ~50%higher exposure levels than those at large companies, but these differences became much smaller in later years. The furnace and ladle repair job were associated with the highest exposure, with 3.9–8.0 times the average exposure compared to the lowest exposed group. Without adjusting for this autonomous trend over time, predicting early historical exposures using our development model resulted in a statistically significant regression coefficient of 2.42 (R2 5 0.81), indicating an underestimation of historical exposure levels. Similar patterns were seen for other historical time periods. Comparing our development model with our validation model resulted in a statistically significant regression coefficient of 0.31, indicating an overestimation of current exposure levels.Conclusion: To investigate long-term trends in quartz exposure over time, overall linear trends can be determined by using mixed model analysis. To create individual exposure measures to predict historical exposures, it is necessary to consider factors such as the time period, type of job, type of company, and company size. The mixed model analysis showed systematic changes in concentration levels, implying that extrapolation of exposure estimates outside the range of years covered by measurements may result in underestimation or overestimation of exposure.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure assessment and modeling of quartz in Swedish iron foundries for a nested case-control study on lung cancer
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. - Philadelphia : Taylor & Francis. - 1545-9624 .- 1545-9632. ; 9:2, s. 110-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure assessment of quartz in Swedish iron foundries was performed based on historical and present measurement data. To evaluate the exposure response relationship between quartz exposure and lung cancer, we modeled quartz exposure from our database of measurements using determinants job title, time period and company. Based on these modeled exposure data, we conducted a nested case– control evaluation.In our database, the overall individual daily time-weighted average (TWA) quartz concentrations of current and historical data varied between 0.0018 and 4.9 mg/m3, averaging 0.083 mg/m3. The job titles with mean TWAs for the whole study period exceeding the European Union recommended occupational exposure limit of 0.05 mg/m3 were fettlers (0.087 mg/m3), furnace and ladle repair (0.42 mg/m3) and maintenance (0.054 mg/m3) workers.The mixed model analysis demonstrated significant determinants on the job level for furnace and ladle repair (β=4.06; 95% CI 2.78-5.93). For all jobs significantly higher exposure levels occurred only during the first time period, 1968-1979 (β=2.08; 95% CI 1.75-2.47), and a decreasing but not significant trend was noted for the three following 10 year time periods up to 2006 (β=1.0, 0.96 and 1, respectively). Two iron foundries had significantly higher quartz concentration levels than the others (β=1.31; 95% CI 1.00-1.71 and β=1.63; 95% CI 1.00-2.65, respectively). The individual cumulative quartz exposure measures were categorized in low, medium and high exposure (0.5-<1, 1-1.9 and ≥2 mg/m3 *years, respectively).In the nested case-control analysis, we found the highest odds ratios of lung cancer (OR 1.17; 95% CI 0.53-2.55) for the medium exposure group. No dose– response trend or significantly increased risk was determined for our high exposed group (≥2 mg/m3), representing 40 years of exposure at >0.05 mg/m3 of quartz. To conclude, certain foundry workers are still exposed to high levels of quartz, but an increased risk of lung cancer caused by quartz exposure in these Swedish iron foundries could not be confirmed at our exposure levels.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Lena, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory and coagulatory markers and exposure to different size fractions of particle mass, number and surface area air concentrations in the Swedish hard metal industry, in particular to cobalt
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biomarkers. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1354-750X .- 1366-5804. ; 26:6, s. 557-569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To study the relationship between inhalation of airborne particles and cobalt in the Swedish hard metal industry and markers of inflammation and coagulation in blood.Methods: Personal sampling of inhalable cobalt and dust were performed for subjects in two Swedish hard metal plants. Stationary measurements were used to study concentrations of inhalable, respirable, and total dust and cobalt, PM10 and PM2.5, the particle surface area and the particle number concentrations. The inflammatory markers CC16, TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, SAA and CRP, and the coagulatory markers FVIII, vWF, fibrinogen, PAI-1 and D-dimer were measured. A complete sampling was performed on the second or third day of a working week following a work-free weekend, and additional sampling was taken on the fourth or fifth day. The mixed model analysis was used, including covariates.Results: The average air concentration of inhalable dust and cobalt were 0.11 mg/m3 and 0.003 mg/m3, respectively. For some mass-based exposure measures of cobalt and total dust, statistically significant increased levels of FVIII, vWF and CC16 were found.Conclusions: The observed relationships between particle exposure and coagulatory biomarkers may indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Quartz and dust exposure in Swedish iron foundries
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. - Philadelphia, PA : Taylor & Francis. - 1545-9624 .- 1545-9632. ; 6:1, s. 9-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to respirable quartz continues to be a major concern in the Swedish iron foundry industry. Recommendations for reducing the European occupational exposure limit (EU-OEL) to 0.05 mg/m3 and the corresponding ACGIH® threshold limit value (ACGIH-TLV) to 0.025 mg/m3 prompted this exposure survey. Occupational exposure to respirable dust and respirable quartz were determined in 11 Swedish iron foundries, representing different sizes of industrial operation and different manufacturing techniques. In total, 436 respirable dust and 435 respirable quartz exposure measurements associated with all job titles were carried out and are presented as time-weighted averages. Our sampling strategy enabled us to evaluate the use of respirators in certain jobs, thus determining actual exposure. In addition, measurements using real-time dust monitors were made for high exposure jobs. For respirable quartz, 23% of all the measurements exceeded the EU-OEL, and 56% exceeded the ACGIH-TLV. The overall geometric mean (GM) for the quartz levels was 0.028 mg/m3, ranging from 0.003 to 2.1 mg/m3. Fettler and furnace and ladle repair operatives were exposed to the highest levels of both respirable dust (GM = 0.69 and 1.2 mg/m3; range 0.076-31 and 0.25-9.3 mg/m3 and respirable quartz (GM = 0.041 and 0.052 mg/m3; range 0.004-2.1 and 0.0098-0.83 mg/m3. Fettlers often used respirators and their actual quartz exposure was lower (range 0.003-0.21 mg/m3, but in some cases it still exceeded the Swedish OEL (0.1 mg/m3. For furnace and ladle repair operatives, the actual quartz exposure did not exceed the OEL (range 0.003-0.08 mg/m3, but most respirators provided insufficient protection, i.e., factors less than 200. In summary, measurements in Swedish iron foundries revealed high exposures to respirable quartz, in particular for fettlers and furnace and ladle repair workers. The suggested EU-OEL and the ACGIH-TLV were exceeded in, respectively, 23% and 56% of all measurements regardless of the type of foundry. Further work on elimination techniques to reduce quartz concentrations, along with control of personal protection equipment, is essential.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Lena, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Respiratory health and inflammatory markers : Exposure to respirable dust and quartz and chemical binders in Swedish iron foundries
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PLOS. - 1932-6203. ; 14:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To study the relationship between respirable dust, quartz and chemical binders in Swedish iron foundries and respiratory symptoms, lung function (as forced expiratory volume FEV1 and vital capacity FVC), fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) and levels of club cell secretory protein 16 (CC16) and CRP.METHODS: Personal sampling of respirable dust and quartz was performed for 85 subjects in three Swedish iron foundries. Full shift sampling and examination were performed on the second or third day of a working week after a work free weekend, with additional sampling on the fourth or fifth day. Logistic, linear and mixed model analyses were performed including, gender, age, smoking, infections, sampling day, body mass index (BMI) and chemical binders as covariates.RESULTS: The adjusted average respirable quartz and dust concentrations were 0.038 and 0.66 mg/m3, respectively. Statistically significant increases in levels of CC16 were associated with exposure to chemical binders (p = 0.05; p = 0.01) in the regression analysis of quartz and respirable dust, respectively. Non-significant exposure-responses were identified for cumulative quartz and the symptoms asthma and breathlessness. For cumulative chemical years, non-significant exposure-response were observed for all but two symptoms. FENO also exhibited a non significant exposure-response for both quartz and respirable dust. No exposure-response was determined for FEV1 or FVC, CRP and respirable dust and quartz.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that early markers of pulmonary effect, such as increased levels of CC16 and FENO, are more strongly associated with chemical binder exposure than respirable quartz and dust in foundry environments.
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