| 1. |
- Anantharaman, Devasena, et al.
(författare)
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Combined effects of smoking and HPV16 in oropharyngeal cancer
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 45:3, s. 752-761
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although smoking and HPV infection are recognized as important risk factors for oropharyngeal cancer, how their joint exposure impacts on oropharyngeal cancer risk is unclear. Specifically, whether smoking confers any additional risk to HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer is not understood.Methods: Using HPV serology as a marker of HPV-related cancer, we examined the interaction between smoking and HPV16 in 459 oropharyngeal (and 1445 oral cavity and laryngeal) cancer patients and 3024 control participants from two large European multicentre studies. Odds ratios and credible intervals [CrI], adjusted for potential confounders, were estimated using Bayesian logistic regression.Results: Both smoking [odds ratio (OR [CrI]: 6.82 [4.52, 10.29]) and HPV seropositivity (OR [CrI]: 235.69 [99.95, 555.74]) were independently associated with oropharyngeal cancer. The joint association of smoking and HPV seropositivity was consistent with that expected on the additive scale (synergy index [CrI]: 1.32 [0.51, 3.45]), suggesting they act as independent risk factors for oropharyngeal cancer.Conclusions: Smoking was consistently associated with increase in oropharyngeal cancer risk in models stratified by HPV16 seropositivity. In addition, we report that the prevalence of oropharyngeal cancer increases with smoking for both HPV16-positive and HPV16-negative persons. The impact of smoking on HPV16-positive oropharyngeal cancer highlights the continued need for smoking cessation programmes for primary prevention of head and neck cancer.
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| 2. |
- Canova, Cristina, et al.
(författare)
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Coeliac disease and asthma association in children : the role of antibiotic consumption
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 46:1, s. 115-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between coeliac disease and asthma has been scarcely investigated. Infant antibiotic exposure has been linked to both diseases. We evaluated the association between childhood coeliac disease and asthma and the role of antibiotics in the first year of life. We followed a cohort of children born in 1995-2011 in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region (Italy). Prescriptions for antibiotics in the first year of life and subsequent treated asthma were retrieved from drug prescription records; coeliac disease incident cases were identified from pathology reports, hospital discharges and exemption from prescription charges for clinical tests.We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) using multivariate Poisson regression models. Among the 143 144 children, we identified 717 coeliac children and 34 969 asthmatics. Children with asthma were at increased risk of coeliac disease (IRR 1.46, 95% CI 1.25-1.67). Restricting the analysis to asthma that occurred before the diagnosis of coeliac disease, the excess risk disappeared, except for coeliac disease diagnosed after 5 years of age (IRR 1.37, 95% CI 1.09-1.71). Antibiotics were not a confounding factor in these associations. Childhood treated asthma and coeliac disease are significantly associated. This association is not confounded by antibiotic exposure in the first year of life and may be explained by other shared risk factors.
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| 3. |
- Canova, Cristina, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Children and Young Adults with Celiac Disease : A Multigroup Matched Comparison
- 2017
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Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 23:11, s. 1996-2000
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Celiac disease (CD) has been linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but previous reports have been inconsistent and may have been affected by surveillance bias.METHODS: Matched birth cohort study in Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region, Italy. We identified 1294 individuals with CD aged 0 to 23 years at diagnosis using pathology reports, hospital discharge records, or copayment exemptions. Each CD individual was matched with up to 5 general population reference individuals from the regional Medical Birth Register in Friuli-Venezia Giulia (n = 5681). As secondary comparison groups, we used individuals undergoing small intestinal biopsy but not having villous atrophy (either Marsh 0-1-2 or exclusively Marsh 0). Individuals with IBD were identified through hospital discharge records or copayment exemptions. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for having IBD among CD individuals (before or after CD diagnosis) compared with their matched references.RESULTS: Overall 35 individuals with IBD were identified (29 with CD and 6 general population controls). This corresponded to an increased risk of IBD in CD (OR = 24.17; 95% CI, 10.03-58.21). However, compared with individuals with Marsh 0-1-2 the OR decreased to 1.41 (95% CI, 0.91-2.18) and restricting our comparison group to individuals with Marsh 0, the OR was 1.28 (95% CI, 0.61-2.70).CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this article found a highly increased risk of IBD in individuals with CD when comparing with the general population. Bias is the likely explanation for the very high risk increase for IBD in CD because the excess risk was substantially lower when we used individuals with a small intestinal biopsy without villous atrophy as our reference.
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| 4. |
- Canova, Cristina, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of bacterial pneumonia and pneumococcal infection in youths with celiac disease : A population-based study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Digestive and Liver Disease. - : Elsevier. - 1590-8658 .- 1878-3562. ; 51:8, s. 1101-1105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Assess the risk of hospitalizations for bacterial pneumonia or pneumococcal infections, in a cohort of young individuals with celiac disease (CD) compared to matched references.Study design: The cohort consists of 213,635 individuals, born in 1989-2012 and resident in Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italy). Through pathology reports, hospital discharge records or co-payment exemptions, we identified 1294 CD patients and 6470 reference individuals matched by gender and birth year. We considered hospital admissions for first episodes of bacterial pneumonia and pneumococcal infections. Hazard ratios (HRs) for episodes after CD diagnosis were calculated with Cox regression and odds ratios (OR) for the ones before CD diagnosis with conditional logistic regression. Further analyses were performed on unvaccinated follow-up periods.Results: 14 CD patients (in 9450 person-years) and 42 references (in 48,335 person-years) experienced a first episode of bacterial pneumonia, with an increased risk among CD patients (HR 1.82; 95% CI 0.98-3.35). Risks of bacterial pneumonia were significantly increased before CD diagnosis and especially the year before CD diagnosis (OR 6.00, 95% CI 1.83-19.66). Risks of pneumococcal infections showed a non-significant increase in CD patients.Conclusions: CD children and youth showed an increased risk of bacterial pneumonia, especially in proximity to CD diagnosis. Anti-pneumococcal vaccination should be recommended to all young CD patients. (C) 2019 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Canova, Cristina, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of Fractures in Youths with Celiac Disease : A Population-Based Study
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Journal of Pediatrics. - : Elsevier. - 0022-3476 .- 1097-6833. ; 198, s. 117-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess the risk of any fracture requiring hospital care in a cohort of individuals with celiac disease diagnosed in childhood/adolescence compared with reference individuals matched by age and sex.Study design: Our study cohort consisted of 213 635 people born and residing in Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region, Italy, in 1989-2011. We selected, through pathology reports, hospital discharge records, or co-payment exemptions, 1233 individuals with celiac disease (aged 0-17 years at diagnosis) and compared them with 6167 reference individuals matched by sex and year of birth. Fractures were identified through hospital discharge records. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for any fracture after celiac disease diagnosis (or index date for reference individuals) with Cox regression and ORs for any fracture before celiac disease diagnosis with conditional logistic regression.Results: During the follow-up period (maximum 23 years), 22 individuals with celiac disease (9394 person-years) and 128 reference individuals (47 308 person-years) experienced a fracture. giving an overall HR of 0.87 (95% CI 0.55-1.37). The risk was not modified by sex, age at diagnosis, or calendar period of diagnosis. We obtained similar HRs when excluding fractures occurring after the age of 18 years and adjusting for maternal education or vitamin D supplementation. The odds of previous fracture also did not differ between subjects with celiac disease and reference individuals (22 and 96 cases, respectively: OR 1.15: 95% CI 0.72-1.84).Conclusions: We did not find any evidence of an increased risk of fractures during childhood and youth among patients with celiac disease.
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| 6. |
- Canova, Cristina, et al.
(författare)
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The risk of epilepsy in children with celiac disease : a population-based cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 27:6, s. 1089-1095
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: The purpose was to estimate the risk of epilepsy in a cohort of young individuals with celiac disease (CD) compared to that of matched references.Methods: The cohort consists of 213,635 individuals born during 1989-2011 and residing in Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italy). We identified 1,215 individuals affected by CD and 6,075 reference individuals matched by sex and age. Epilepsy was defined by means of hospital diagnosis or drug prescriptions. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of having epilepsy among individuals with CD, before CD diagnosis and in the entire period, compared with those of their matched references. Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) for epilepsy diagnosed after CD diagnosis. Different definitions of epilepsy were used for sensitivity analyses.Results: Thirty-one (2.6%) individuals with CD and 78 (1.3%) reference individuals had epilepsy (adjusted OR: 2.03 95%CI: 1.33-3.10). The risk of epilepsy was increased prior to CD (adjusted OR: 2.29; 95%CI: 1.33-3.94), with similar estimates after CD diagnosis (adjusted HR 1.96; 95%CI: 0.95-4.02). The increased risk of epilepsy was not explained by a peak in epilepsy diagnosis just around CD diagnosis. Sex stratification found a significantly higher risk of epilepsy among female individuals with CD. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the positive association between CD and epilepsy.Conclusion: Children and youths with CD were at increased risk of epilepsy. Patients with epilepsy without a clear etiology should be screened for CD since an early diagnosis and treatment might improve the response to antiepileptic therapies.
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| 7. |
- Cantarutti, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Treated and Untreated Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in the First Year of Life with the Subsequent Development of Asthma
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) as well as its treatment with acid-suppressive medications have been considered possible risk factors for the development of asthma, but few studies have disentangled the role of GERD with that of its treatment. The present study aimed at estimating the association of treated and untreated GERD in the first year of life with the risk of asthma.Methods: Retrospective cohort study including all children born between 2004 and 2015 registered in Pedianet, an Italian primary care database. We analyzed the association of children exposed to GERD (both treated and untreated) in the first year of life with the risk of developing clinically assessed asthma (clinical asthma) after 3 years. Secondary outcomes included asthma identified by anti-asthmatic medications (treated asthma) and wheezing after 3 years. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated comparing children with and without GERD, stratifying by treatment with acid-suppressive medications.Results: Out of 86,381 children, 1652 (1.9%) were affected by GERD in the first year of life, of which 871 (53%) were treated with acid-suppressive medications. Compared with controls, children with GERD were at increased risk of clinical asthma (HR: 1.40, 95% CI 1.15-1.70). Risks were similar between treated and untreated GERD (p = 0.41). Comparable results were found for treated asthma, but no risk increase was seen for wheezing.Discussion: Early-life GERD was associated with subsequent childhood asthma. Similar risks among children with treated and untreated GERD suggest that acid-suppressive medications are unlikely to play a major role in the development asthma.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Delahaye-Sourdeix, Manon, et al.
(författare)
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The 12p13.33/RAD52 locus and genetic susceptibility to squamous cell cancers of upper aerodigestive tract
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public library science. - 1932-6203. ; 10:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variants located within the 12p13.33/RAD52 locus have been associated with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Here, within 5,947 UADT cancers and 7,789 controls from 9 different studies, we found rs10849605, a common intronic variant in RAD52, to be also associated with upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) squamous cell carcinoma cases (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04-1.15, p = 6x10(-4)). We additionally identified rs10849605 as a RAD52 cis-eQTL inUADT(p = 1x10(-3)) and LUSC (p = 9x10(-4)) tumours, with the UADT/LUSC risk allele correlated with increased RAD52 expression levels. The 12p13.33 locus, encompassing rs10849605/RAD52, was identified as a significant somatic focal copy number amplification in UADT(n = 374, q-value = 0.075) and LUSC (n = 464, q-value = 0.007) tumors and correlated with higher RAD52 tumor expression levels (p = 6x10(-48) and p = 3x10(-29) in UADT and LUSC, respectively). In combination, these results implicate increased RAD52 expression in both genetic susceptibility and tumorigenesis of UADT and LUSC tumors.
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| 10. |
- Furberg, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analyses identify multiple loci associated with smoking behavior
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 42:5, s. 134-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consistent but indirect evidence has implicated genetic factors in smoking behavior1,2. We report meta-analyses of several smoking phenotypes within cohorts of the Tobacco and Genetics Consortium (n = 74,053). We also partnered with the European Network of Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology (ENGAGE) and Oxford-GlaxoSmithKline (Ox-GSK) consortia to follow up the 15 most significant regions (n > 140,000). We identified three loci associated with number of cigarettes smoked per day. The strongest association was a synonymous 15q25 SNP in the nicotinic receptor gene CHRNA3 (rs1051730[A], b = 1.03, standard error (s.e.) = 0.053, beta = 2.8 x 10(-73)). Two 10q25 SNPs (rs1329650[G], b = 0.367, s. e. = 0.059, beta = 5.7 x 10(-10); and rs1028936[A], b = 0.446, s. e. = 0.074, beta = 1.3 x 10(-9)) and one 9q13 SNP in EGLN2 (rs3733829[G], b = 0.333, s. e. = 0.058, P = 1.0 x 10(-8)) also exceeded genome-wide significance for cigarettes per day. For smoking initiation, eight SNPs exceeded genome-wide significance, with the strongest association at a nonsynonymous SNP in BDNF on chromosome 11 (rs6265[C], odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.04-1.08, P = 1.8 x 10(-8)). One SNP located near DBH on chromosome 9 (rs3025343[G], OR = 1.12, 95% Cl 1.08-1.18, P = 3.6 x 10(-8)) was significantly associated with smoking cessation.
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