| 1. |
- Nicholson, Kerry
(författare)
-
Characterizing human-tiger conflict in and around Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, western India
- 2015
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Wildlife Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4642 .- 1439-0574. ; 61, s. 255-261
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human-carnivore interactions often influence carnivore conservation and result in mitigating conflicts. We studied human-tiger (Panthera tigris) conflicts in pastoral villages adjacent to Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve (RTR), Rajasthan, India for 6 years (2005-2011) and characterized and examined the causes of conflicts. We recorded 113 human-tiger conflicts. Most of the conflicts between humans and tigers were from attacks on domestic livestock (88.5 %) and humans (11.5 %). Among livestock, cows, bulls, and calves accounted for 31.6, 21.1, and 16.7 %, respectively, of tiger kills followed by buffalos (19.3 %) and goats (11.4 %). Locations of depredations on livestock occurred inside villages (53.4 %), agriculture fields (44.5 %), and forests (1.9 %). We recorded 13 attacks on humans: nine were nonlethal, but four resulted in death. Attacks on humans occurred in agriculture fields (n= 6), forests (n= 5), and within < 500m of villages (n= 2). Attacks on humans and livestock varied seasonally, with the highest conflicts in summer (n= 36) and during the monsoon (n= 42). Factors that may have caused human-tiger conflicts include tiger movements, fragmentation of corridors, and human disturbance. Some of the insurance from compensation for deaths and injury could be used tomitigate conflicts, as has been done with other larger cats to minimize conflicts.
|
|
| 2. |
- Adewumi, Tosin, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Bipol : Multi-axes Evaluation of Bias with Explainability in BenchmarkDatasets
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing. - : Incoma Ltd.. ; , s. 1-10
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate five English NLP benchmark datasets (on the superGLUE leaderboard) and two Swedish datasets for bias, along multiple axes. The datasets are the following: Boolean Question (Boolq), CommitmentBank (CB), Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC), Winogender diagnostic (AXg), Recognising Textual Entailment (RTE), Swedish CB, and SWEDN. Bias can be harmful and it is known to be common in data, which ML models learn from. In order to mitigate bias in data, it is crucial to be able to estimate it objectively. We use bipol, a novel multi-axes bias metric with explainability, to estimate and explain how much bias exists in these datasets. Multilingual, multi-axes bias evaluation is not very common. Hence, we also contribute a new, large Swedish bias-labeled dataset (of 2 million samples), translated from the English version and train the SotA mT5 model on it. In addition, we contribute new multi-axes lexica for bias detection in Swedish. We make the codes, model, and new dataset publicly available.
|
|
| 3. |
-
Akilleshälar i välfärd, socialpolitik och socialt arbete
- 2024
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hur väl skyddar det svenska välfärdssystemet sina medborgare? Vilka är det sociala arbetets och socialpolitikens akilleshälar då, nu och i framtiden? Enligt den grekiska mytologin finns en berättelse om Akilles, vars mor sökte skydda honom från spådomen att dö ung. Hon doppade honom därför i floden Styx, vars vatten ansågs ha magiska skyddande egenskaper, men höll samtidigt i hans häl varför just denna förblev oskyddad. I dag har begreppet akilleshälar bland annat kommit att användas om svaga punkter i välfärdsstaternas ekonomiska och sociala trygghetssystem. En sådan svaghet är den dualism som vuxit fram i det svenska välfärdssamhället mellan å ena sidan selektiva rättigheter som vänder sig till några få fattiga och utsatta grupper och å andra sidan universella rättigheter som vänder sig till större grupper i samhället. Denna dualism präglar i hög utsträckning socialpolitiken och det sociala arbetet i dag. I antologin medverkar åtta forskare från olika lärosäten i Sverige som analyserar akilleshälar inom olika delar av det svenska välfärdssamhället. Därutöver bidrar Susanna Alakoski med ett skönlitterärt perspektiv på akilleshälar i svensk välfärd.Akilleshälar i välfärd, socialpolitik och socialt arbete vänder sig till dem som arbetar inom samhällets välfärdssystem, till forskare, politiker och till studenter vid universitet och högskolor som ska arbeta inom olika sektorer i välfärdssamhället.
|
|
| 4. |
- Al-Behadili, Ali
(författare)
-
Molecular insights into primer removal during mtDNA replication
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mitochondria are vital for cell survival, and the primary producers of ATP, the energy currency used for various metabolic processes. Mitochondria are unique from other cellular compartments because they have their own genomes of circular small double-stranded DNA (mtDNA) of approximately 16.6 kbp in size. The mtDNA is highly compact, containing no introns and little non-coding DNA. MtDNA has two non-coding regions: one large region known as the control region or the non-coding region that contains the promoters for transcription (LSP and HSP) and the origin of replication of the H strand (OriH), and a smaller region containing the origin of replication for the L-strand (OriL). MtDNA is replicated by a set of replication factors distinct from those needed for DNA replication in the nucleus. A fundamental step in mtDNA replication is the processing of the RNA primers needed for replication initiation.In this thesis, we could demonstrate that Ribonuclease H1 (RNase H1) is essential for the process of replication initiation at OriH. We couldalso elucidate the role of RNase H1 during primer removal and ligation at the mitochondrial origin of light-strand DNA synthesis (OriL) andexplain the pathogenic consequences of disease-causing mutations in RNase H1.These findings have taken the field of mitochondrial DNA transcription and replication forward and generated knowledge to build further research.In the last project, we studied EXOG, a mitochondrial exonuclease. We demonstrated that EXOG could interplay with RNase H1 and other mitochondrial nucleases in vitro and identified a possible pathway for EXOG to function in.
|
|
| 5. |
- Andersen, Poul Houman, et al.
(författare)
-
Re-appraising interaction and process for industrial network research : The future plunging mirror hall metaphor
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 91, s. 627-638
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Constructivist and realist research is undertaken in the business relationship and network approach of the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing Group. These two divergent research perspectives seek a different form of contextual understanding vs. general knowledge. They are not incommensurable as one can gain insights from the other. But a researcher must know and understand both perspectives and sometimes be able to see when a writer is playing almost a middle ground to make a specific point. To provide a broader understanding of the ontological distinctions and their ramifications for researching and translating meanings concerning business networks we introduce the temporal mirror hall metaphor. We propose that: (i) researchers should avoid reading and understanding only a single research perspective, (ii) research is a social temporal process embedded in a research community, (iii) understanding different researcher perspectives is necessary for a constructivist scholar working in a world of realist education, and (iv) realist researchers need constructivist research to change and develop systematized theories. The paper extends specific advice to constructivist researchers undertaking longitudinal studies of interaction in business networks. Realist researchers will find intriguing the comparisons and refractions, as well as illusions, in the temporalities of the mirror hall.
|
|
| 6. |
- Andersen, Poul Houman, et al.
(författare)
-
Testing the waters : Translating MNE technology in a base-of-the-pyramid context
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 281
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multinational enterprises (MNEs) face significant challenges when applying their technologies in baseof-the-pyramid (BoP) contexts. This paper explores the mobilization of MNE technologies and local actors in the case of Grundfos LIFELINK and deploys an actor-network theory (ANT) translation framework to unravel immersion processes of MNE technologies in local BoP contexts. The study adopts a longitudinal single-case design to analyze the introduction of MNE pump technology, which provides clean water in Kenyan rural villages. The findings show that a lack of understanding of the local BoP context leads to failure in mobilizing relevant actors for the intended water-provision network and, subsequently, to an initial rejection of the technology. By focusing more on the local actors and by mobilizing additional actors, the MNE technology is successfully translated into the BoP context-albeit without the intended creation of MNE value. The paper contributes to the understanding of how MNEs can achieve technology development in BoP contexts, as well as to the evolution of BoP approaches.
|
|
| 7. |
- DeVogeleer, Karel, et al.
(författare)
-
Simulating BitTorrent
- 2008
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IP Television (IPTV) and other media distribution applications are expected to be one of the next Internet killer applications. One indication of this is the corporate backing that the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is getting. However, the bandwidth utilization of these applications is still an issue, as the volume of multimedia grows due to larger image resolution and higher bitrate audio. One way of managing this increase in bandwidth requirements is to use existing endhost bandwidth to decrease the load on the content server in a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) fashion. One of the most successful P2P applications is BitTorrent (BT), a swarming file transfer system. This paper presents an implementation of a BT simulator intended for future use in investigating modifications to the BT system to provide streaming media capabilities. The simulator is validated against real-world measurements and a brief performance analysis is provided.
|
|
| 8. |
- Diehl, Maximilian, 1995
(författare)
-
Explainable and Interpretable Decision-Making for Robotic Tasks
- 2022
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Future generations of robots, such as service robots that support humans with household tasks, will be a pervasive part of our daily lives. The human's ability to understand the decision-making process of robots is thereby considered to be crucial for establishing trust-based and efficient interactions between humans and robots. In this thesis, we present several interpretable and explainable decision-making methods that aim to improve the human's understanding of a robot's actions, with a particular focus on the explanation of why robot failures were committed. In this thesis, we consider different types of failures, such as task recognition errors and task execution failures. Our first goal is an interpretable approach to learning from human demonstrations (LfD), which is essential for robots to learn new tasks without the time-consuming trial-and-error learning process. Our proposed method deals with the challenge of transferring human demonstrations to robots by an automated generation of symbolic planning operators based on interpretable decision trees. Our second goal is the prediction, explanation, and prevention of robot task execution failures based on causal models of the environment. Our contribution towards the second goal is a causal-based method that finds contrastive explanations for robot execution failures, which enables robots to predict, explain and prevent even timely shifted action failures (e.g., the current action was successful but will negatively affect the success of future actions). Since learning causal models is data-intensive, our final goal is to improve the data efficiency by utilizing prior experience. This investigation aims to help robots learn causal models faster, enabling them to provide failure explanations at the cost of fewer action execution experiments. In the future, we will work on scaling up the presented methods to generalize to more complex, human-centered applications.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
