Flowering time adaption in Swedish landrace pea (Pisum sativum L.)

• Background: Cultivated crops have repeatedly faced new climatic conditions while spreading from their site oforigin. In Sweden, at the northernmost fringe of Europe, extreme conditions with temperature-limited growthseasons and long days require specific adaptation. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) has been cultivated in Sweden formillennia, allowing for adaptation to the local environmental conditions to develop. To study such adaptation, 15Swedish pea landraces were chosen alongside nine European landraces, seven cultivars and three wild accessions.Number of days to flowering (DTF) and other traits were measured and the diversity of the flowering time genesHIGH RESPONSE TO PHOTOPERIOD (HR), LATE FLOWERING (LF) and STERILE NODES (SN) was assessed. Furthermore, theexpression profiles of LF and SN were obtained.Results: DTF was positively correlated with the length of growing season at the site of origin (GSO) of the Swedishlandraces. Alleles at the HR locus were significantly associated with DTF with an average difference of 15.43 daysbetween the two detected haplotypes. LF expression was found to have a significant effect on DTF when analysedon its own, but not when HR haplotype was added to the model. HR haplotype and GSO together explained themost of the detected variation in DTF (49.6 %).Conclusions: We show local adaptation of DTF, primarily in the northernmost accessions, and links betweengenetic diversity and diversity in DTF. The links between GSO and genetic diversity of the genes are less clear-cutand flowering time adaptation seems to have a complex genetic background.

Ämnesord

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Biologi -- Genetik (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Biological Sciences -- Genetics (hsv//eng)

Nyckelord

Crop evolution

HIGH RESPONSE TO PHOTOPERIOD (HR)

LATE FLOWERING (LF)

Legumes

Local adaptation

STERILE NODES (SN

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