Two Brominated Cyclic Dipeptides Released by the Coldwater Marine Sponge Geodia barretti Act in Synergy As Chemical Defense

The current work shows that two structurally similar cyclodipeptides, barettin (1) and 8,9-dihydrobarettin (2), produced by the coldwater marine sponge Geodia barretti Bowerbank act in synergy to deter larvae of surface settlers and may also be involved in defense against grazers. Previously, 1 and 2 were demonstrated to bind specifically to serotonergic 5-HT receptors. It may be suggested that chemical defense in G. barretti involves a synergistic action where one of the molecular targets is a 5-HT receptor. A mixture of 1 and 2 lowered the EC50 of larval settlement as compared to the calculated theoretical additive effect of the two compounds. Moreover, an in situ sampling at 120 m depth using a remotely operated vehicle revealed that the sponge releases these two compounds to the ambient water. Thus, it is suggested that the synergistic action of 1 and 2 may benefit the sponge by reducing the expenditure of continuous production and release of its chemical defense substances. Furthermore, a synergistic action between structurally closely related compounds produced by the same bioenzymatic machinery ought to be the most energy effective for the organism and, thus, is more common than synergy between structurally indistinct compounds.

Jonsson, Per R.,1957Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för marin ekologi, Tjärnö marinbiologiska laboratorium,Linnécentrum för marin evolutionsbiologi (CEMEB),Department of Marine Ecology, Tjärnö Marine Biological Laboratory,Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology (CEMEB)(Swepub:gu)xjpera (författare)
Dahlström, Mia (författare)
Lundälv, Tomas,1944Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för marin ekologi, Tjärnö marinbiologiska laboratorium,Department of Marine Ecology, Tjärnö Marine Biological Laboratory(Swepub:gu)xlunto (författare)
Burman, RobertUppsala universitet,Avdelningen för farmakognosi,Göransson(Swepub:uu)burob623 (författare)
Göransson, UlfUppsala universitet,Avdelningen för farmakognosi,Göransson(Swepub:uu)ugo29049 (författare)
Bohlin, LarsUppsala universitet,Avdelningen för farmakognosi(Swepub:uu)larsbohl (författare)
Uppsala universitetAvdelningen för farmakognosi (creator_code:org_t)

Ingår i:Journal of natural products (Print): American Chemical Society (ACS)74:3, s. 449-4540163-38641520-6025

Av författaren/redakt...: Sjögren, Martin; Jonsson, Per R., ...; Dahlström, Mia; Lundälv, Tomas, ...; Burman, Robert; Göransson, Ulf; visa fler...; Bohlin, Lars; visa färre...

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